Optimising homeothermy in neonates: a systematic review and clinical guidelines from the French Neonatal Society.

Aim: Thermal instability is harmful on the newborn infant. We sought to draw up practical guidelines on maintaining homeothermy alongside skin-to-skin contact.

Methods: A systematic analysis of the literature identified relevant studies between 2000 and 2021 in the PubMed database.

Studying Clinical, Biologic and Echocardiography Criteria to Predict a Resistant Kawasaki Disease in Children.

Background: Resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) represents 10%-15% of KD patients and increases risk of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs). Different scores exist to predict resistant KD but only in Japanese population, although a French team has recently proposed a new scoring system. The principal objective of this study is to establish criteria to predict resistant KD in our representative French population.

Pregnancy vulnerability in urban areas: a pragmatic approach combining behavioral, medico-obstetrical, socio-economic and environmental factors.

Multiple risk factors are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO), but how all these different factors combine and accumulate remains unknown. The objective of this observational retrospective study was to describe the accumulation of multiple vulnerability markers in pregnant women living in an urban area. Women living in Besançon (France) who delivered between 2005 and 2009 were included.

Does low to moderate environmental exposure to noise and air pollution influence preterm delivery in medium-sized cities?

Background: Preterm birth (PB) is an important predictor of childhood morbidity and educational performance. Beyond the known risk factors, environmental factors, such as air pollution and noise, have been implicated in PB. In urban areas, these pollutants coexist.

Nasal midazolam vs ketamine for neonatal intubation in the delivery room: a randomised trial.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of sedation by intranasal administration of midazolam (nMDZ) or ketamine (nKTM) for neonatal intubation.

Design: A multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blind study.

Setting: Delivery rooms at four tertiary perinatal centres in France.

Altered autonomic control in preterm newborns with impaired neurological outcomes.

Purpose: Very preterm newborns are at high risk of neurological injury. The objective of this work was to study the impact of neurological aggression on the autonomic nervous system.

Methods: We studied polysomnography recordings, at term corrected gestational age, for 38 preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks or weighing less than 1 kg.

Transfontanellar contrast enhanced ultrasound in infants: initial experience.

Background And Purpose: Transfontanellar contrast enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS) in infants with neurological diseases has not been previously reported. Thus, the objective of our study was to describe the imaging findings of transfontanellar contrast enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS) performed in various neurological conditions in infants and to compare the findings with non-enhanced transfontanellar ultrasound (TFUS) and MRI.

Methods: Local institutional review board approval was obtained and, because of the need to catheterize children for contrast media administration, written informed consent of parents was obtained prior to all performed TCEUS.

Neonatal infection and 5-year neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm infants.

Objective: To determine whether neonatal infections are associated with a higher risk of adverse neurodevelopment at 5 years of age in a population-based cohort of very preterm children.

Methods: We included all live births between 22 and 32 weeks of gestation, from 9 regions in France, in 1997 (EPIPAGE study). Of the 2665 live births, 2277 were eligible for a follow-up evaluation at 5 years of age: 1769 had a medical examination and 1495 underwent cognitive assessment.

Cognitive impairment at age 5 years in very preterm infants born following premature rupture of membranes.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and cognitive impairment in 5-year-old children born very preterm.

Study Design: The Etude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels Study is a population-based cohort of children followed up from birth to age 5 years recruited in 9 French regions in 1997. We analyzed data from singletons born between 24 and 32 weeks gestation categorized into 4 groups according to etiology of prematurity: infants born after PPROM, after idiopathic preterm labor, in a vascular context (Vasc), and to women with other complications (Other).

Decreased spontaneous arousability in preterm newborns with impaired neurological outcome.

Preterm newborns are at high risk of neurological injury. In this population, we investigated the link between neurological complications and sleep architecture. At term-corrected gestational age, we studied retrospectively the polysomnography of 45 preterm infants born at < 28 weeks or weighting < 1 kg.

Neonatal factors associated with alteration of palatal morphology in very preterm children: the EPIPAGE cohort study.

Background: Altered palatal morphology has been observed among some preterm children, with possible consequences on chewing, speaking and esthetics, but determinants remain unknown.

Aim: To explore the role of neonatal characteristics and neuromotor dysfunction in alteration of palatal morphology at 5 years of age in very preterm children.

Study Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.

Special care and school difficulties in 8-year-old very preterm children: the Epipage cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate school difficulties, special care and behavioral problems in 8 year-old very preterm (VPT) children.

Patient And Methods: Longitudinal population-based cohort in nine regions of France of VPT children and a reference group born at 39-40 weeks of gestation (WG). The main outcome measures were information about school, special care and behavioral problems using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire from a questionnaire to parents.

Predictors of the risk of cognitive deficiency in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE prospective cohort.

Aim: To assess cerebral lesions and other medical as well as social characteristics as predictors of risk of mild and severe cognitive deficiencies in very preterm infants.

Methods: As part of the EPIPAGE population-based prospective cohort study, perinatal data and cognitive outcome at 5 years of age were recorded for 1503 infants born before 33 weeks of gestation in nine regions of France in 1997. Mild cognitive deficiency was defined as a Mental Processing Composite score on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children test of between 70 and 84, and severe cognitive deficiency as a score of <70.

Cardiovascular control during sleep in infants: Implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

In infants the cardiorespiratory system undergoes significant functional maturation after birth and these changes are sleep-state dependent. Given the immaturity of these systems it is not surprising that infants are at risk of cardiorespiratory instability, especially during sleep. A failure of cardiovascular control mechanisms in particular is believed to play a role in the final event of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Predictors of cerebral palsy in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE prospective population-based cohort study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the independent role of cerebral lesions on ultrasound scan, and several other neonatal and obstetric factors, as potential predictors of cerebral palsy (CP) in a large population-based cohort of very preterm infants.

Method: As part of EPIPAGE, a population-based prospective cohort study, perinatal data and outcome at 5 years of age were recorded for 1812 infants born before 33 weeks of gestation in nine regions of France in 1997.

Results: The study group comprised 942 males (52%) and 870 females with a mean gestational age of 30 weeks (SD 2 wks; range 24-32 wks) and a mean birthweight of 1367 g (SD 393 g; range 450-2645 g).

Very preterm birth: who has access to antenatal corticosteroid therapy?

We describe the administration of antenatal corticosteroid therapy (ACT) for liveborn very preterm neonates in a population-based study. A total of 790 very preterm neonates (between 24 and 31 full weeks of gestation) were included in this regionally defined population of very preterm neonates in France. The main outcome measure was non-access to ACT.

Heart rate variability in preterm infants and maternal smoking during pregnancy.

Objective: Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of premature birth and of dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Prematurity significantly increases the risk of dying of SIDS, but mechanisms underlying this epidemiological finding are unclear. The cumulated effect of both prematurity and prenatal exposure to nicotine on autonomic heart rate control has not been studied.

Analysis of NREM sleep in children with Prader-Willi syndrome and the effect of growth hormone treatment.

Objectives: Only few studies are available in the literature on sleep in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and one single study analyzed the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in young adults with PWS, showing that patients with a higher proportion of A1 subtypes presented less severe GH deficiency. The aims of our study were to evaluate CAP in children with PWS compared to an age-matched control group and to evaluate the differences between PWS children with (GH+) and without (GH-) GH therapy.

Methods: Laboratory polysomnographic sleep recordings were obtained from 30 children with PWS (17 GH- and 13 GH+ patients) and 15 age-matched normal controls.

Prolonged sedation and/or analgesia and 5-year neurodevelopment outcome in very preterm infants: results from the EPIPAGE cohort.

Objective: To describe the long-term outcome of very preterm infants receiving prolonged sedation and/or analgesia and examine the relationship between prolonged sedation and/or analgesia and this long-term outcome.

Design: A prospective population-based study (Etude EPIdémiologique sur les Petits Ages GEstationnels [EPIPAGE]). To reduce bias, the propensity score method was used.