Combining Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Bias Modification Training for Substances in Detained Youth.

Objective: Motivation is considered a key factor in successful treatment. Unfortunately, detained youth typically show lower motivation for treatment and behavioral change. This pilot study examined the effects of a brief Motivational Interviewing (MI) protocol in conjunction with a Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) intervention aimed at reducing substance use in detained youth.

Symptom networks in patients with substance use disorders.

Background: Reciprocity between symptoms of psychiatric disorders is increasingly recognized to contribute to their chronicity. In substance use disorders (SUD) little is known on reciprocal interactions between symptoms. We applied network analyses to study these interactions.

Effectiveness of a brief motivation enhancing intervention on treatment initiation, treatment retention and abstinence: Results from a multi-site cluster-randomized trial.

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a brief motivational enhancing intervention (MEI) as an add-on to supervision-as-usual (SAU) in reducing time to treatment initiation in offenders with substance use disorders (SUDs) under probation supervision. We also tested the effectiveness in enhancing treatment retention and abstinence of primary substance rates. The study was designed as a multi-site, cluster randomized trial (CRT) in six addiction probation offices.

The Predictive Value of Impulsivity and Risk-Taking Measures for Substance Use in Substance Dependent Offenders.

Impulsivity and risk-taking are known to have an important impact on problematic substance use and criminal behavior. This study examined the predictive value of baseline self-report and behavioral impulsivity and risk-taking measures [Delay Discounting Task (DDT), Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and Behavioral Inhibition, Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS/BAS)] in 12-months follow-up substance use outcomes (e.g.

The Role of Motivation in Predicting Addiction Treatment Entry Among Offenders With Substance Use Disorders Under Probation Supervision.

Many offenders with a substance use disorder (SUD) do not enter addiction treatment. The aim of this study was to examine predictors of addiction treatment entry and to get more insight in the predictive value of treatment motivation. A total of 83 male offenders with a SUD under probation supervision in the Netherlands were assessed at the start of probation supervision and at 12-month follow-up.

Cue exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorders: A meta-analytic review.

Cue Exposure Therapy (CET) is a behavioristic psychological approach to treating substance use disorders (SUD). Prior systematic reviews have found CET to be ineffective when targeting SUDs. The effect of this approach on alcohol use disorders (AUD) seems more promising at trial level but has yet to be systematically reviewed and quantitatively analyzed.

Social support in chat sessions for adolescents and young adults living with a family member with mental illness.

Children from families with a mental illness are at risk of developing negative health outcomes. Online interventions are a new way to offer support to these children. The present study utilized a website that had been developed to support Dutch youth who had a family member with a mental illness.

Self-expressed strengths and resources of children of parents with a mental illness: A systematic review.

The aim of the present study was to explore the strengths children reported to have acquired while coping with their parents illness, and the external factors these children indicated had facilitated their coping process. A systematic literature search was conducted of peer-reviewed papers that focused on self-reported experiences of children with parents who had mental illness, and revealed their strengths and resources. The search included the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL.

Treatment outcome of alcohol use disorder outpatients with or without medically assisted detoxification.

Objective: Little is known about the incremental effects of medically assisted detoxification on outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorders. The objective of this study was to compare drinking outcomes in a psychosocial treatment program between two groups of heavy drinking patients who had an alcohol use disorder: (a) one group with initial medically assisted detoxification and (b) a second group without initial medically assisted detoxification.

Method: Analyses were conducted on 262 patients with a more severe alcohol use disorder who completed both an intake assessment and a 9-month follow-up assessment.

A randomized controlled trial of a brief motivational enhancement for non-treatment-seeking adolescent cannabis users.

Evidence for negative effects of early-onset cannabis use has led to a need for effective interventions targeting adolescent cannabis users. A randomized controlled trial of an Australian two-session intervention based on motivational interviewing (the ACCU, or Weed-Check in Dutch) was replicated in a larger Dutch sample of 119 non-treatment-seeking adolescent cannabis users. Outcome measures at the 3-month follow-up were quantity and frequency of cannabis use, symptoms of dependence, stage of change, and psychosocial functioning.

Feasibility of teaching motivational interviewing to parents of young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis use.

This study examined the feasibility of providing motivational interviewing (MI) training to parents of young adults with recent-onset schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis use. The training was offered in a mental health care setting as part of a family motivational intervention (FMI). Ninety-seven parents were randomly assigned to either FMI or routine family support (RFS).

Online support for children of parents suffering from mental illness: a case study.

From epidemiologic research, we know that children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) have an elevated risk of developing a serious mental disorder. Aside from studies based on risk and resilience, there has been little research on the children's own perceptions. The aim of this study was to expand our understanding of key variables influencing COPMI's seeking support and to explore whether a website targeted at COPMI could help them improve their ability to cope with their circumstances and to find professional help.

Baseline predictors of treatment outcome in Internet-based alcohol interventions: a recursive partitioning analysis alongside a randomized trial.

Background: Internet-based interventions are seen as attractive for harmful users of alcohol and lead to desirable clinical outcomes. Some participants will however not achieve the desired results. In this study, harmful users of alcohol have been partitioned in subgroups with low, intermediate or high probability of positive treatment outcome, using recursive partitioning classification tree analysis.

Predictive validity of treatment allocation guidelines on drinking outcome in alcohol-dependent patients.

The purpose of this study was to establish the predictive validity of guidelines for allocating patients to outpatient or inpatient treatment for an alcohol-use disorder. It was hypothesized that patients who were matched to the recommended level of care would have (a) better outcomes than patients treated at a less intensive level of care, and (b) outcomes equivalent to those of patients treated at a more intensive level of care. Matched patients were allocated according to an algorithm based on their treatment history, addiction severity, psychiatric impairment, and social stability at baseline.

Economic evaluation of internet-based interventions for harmful alcohol use alongside a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Background: Internet interventions with and without therapist support have been found to be effective treatment options for harmful alcohol users. Internet-based therapy (IT) leads to larger and longer-lasting positive effects than Internet-based self-help (IS), but it is also more costly to provide.

Objective: To evaluate the cost effectiveness and cost utility of Internet-based interventions for harmful use of alcohol through the assessment of the incremental cost effectiveness of IT compared with IS.

Internet therapy versus internet self-help versus no treatment for problematic alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Problematic alcohol use is the third leading contributor to the global burden of disease, partly because the majority of problem drinkers are not receiving treatment. Internet-based alcohol interventions attract an otherwise untreated population, but their effectiveness has not yet been established. The current study examined the effectiveness of Internet-based therapy (therapy alcohol online; TAO) and Internet-based self-help (self-help alcohol online; SAO) for problematic alcohol users.

Guidelines for allocating outpatient alcohol abusers to levels of care: Predictive validity.

The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive validity of guidelines for allocating outpatients with an alcohol-use disorder to different levels of care in routine alcohol outpatient treatment facilities. It was hypothesized that patients matched to the recommended level of care would have (a) better outcomes than patients treated at a less intensive level of care, and (b) outcomes equivalent to patients treated at a more intensive level of care. Patients at two Dutch substance-abuse treatment centers who completed intake and were allocated at either a brief or standard outpatient treatment (n=471) were followed prospectively to determine differential outcomes for those who were and were not treated at the recommended level of car.

Missing data approaches in eHealth research: simulation study and a tutorial for nonmathematically inclined researchers.

Background: Missing data is a common nuisance in eHealth research: it is hard to prevent and may invalidate research findings.

Objective: In this paper several statistical approaches to data "missingness" are discussed and tested in a simulation study. Basic approaches (complete case analysis, mean imputation, and last observation carried forward) and advanced methods (expectation maximization, regression imputation, and multiple imputation) are included in this analysis, and strengths and weaknesses are discussed.

Smoking cessation quitlines in Europe: matching services to callers' characteristics.

Background: Telephone quitlines offer a wide range of services to callers, including advice and counsel, and information on pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. But, little is known about what specific quitline services are offered to smokers and whether these services are appropriately matched to characteristics of smokers. This study examines how quitline services are matched to callers' level of addiction, educational level, stage-of-change with quitting, and whether they are referred by a doctor or other health professional.

Developing an interactive website for adolescents with a mentally ill family member.

Adolescents with a mentally ill parent are at high risk for developing a disorder themselves. It is widely recommended that these adolescents be provided with preventive interventions designed especially for them, but their avoidance of professional help is a common problem. Because most teenagers in Western societies use the World Wide Web as a means of social interaction, use of the Internet for reaching these young people would appear to be a promising option.

Effectiveness of a mood management component as an adjunct to a telephone counselling smoking cessation intervention for smokers with a past major depression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To assess whether the addition of a mood management component to telephone counselling produces higher abstinence rates in smokers with past major depression and helps to prevent recurrence of depressive symptoms.

Design: Pragmatic randomized controlled trial with two conditions, with follow-up at 6 and 12 months. The control intervention consisted of eight sessions of proactive telephone counselling.

Effectiveness of Nurse Based Motivational Interviewing for smoking cessation in high risk cardiovascular outpatients: a randomized trial.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of Nurse Based Motivational Interviewing (NBMI) on top of a routine patient based Lifestyle Inventory with Feedback (LIFE) in a cardiovascular outpatient secondary prevention setting.

Methods: All current smokers (n=112), identified in 619 successive patients with cardiovascular disease, were randomized for either care as usual (LIFE), or LIFE plus NBMI (intervention group). Cumulative time investment was recorded.

Measurements in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation (MATE): an instrument based on the World Health Organization family of international classifications.

Aims: To present and evaluate a measurement tool for assessing characteristics of people with drug and/or alcohol problems for triage and evaluation in treatment. Measurements in the Addictions for Triage and Evaluation (MATE) is composed of 10 modules, selected on the basis of a detailed set of specifications. Conceptually, the MATE was constructed according to the ICD and International Classification of Functioning (ICF) in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system.

Transitions in drug use in a new generation of problem drug users in Amsterdam: a 6-year follow-up study.

Aims: This study describes the transitions in drug use in Amsterdam among young drug users (YDUs) who are inhaling or injecting cocaine or using illicitly obtained opiates.

Methods: From 2000 until 2003, 187 YDUs (< or = 30 years) were recruited of whom 126 were followed into 2007.

Results: During the 6 months prior to inclusion, 95% used cocaine, 60% used illicit opiates, and 9% injected more than once a week.