Human organoids with an autologous tissue-resident immune compartment.

The intimate relationship between the epithelium and immune system is crucial for maintaining tissue homeostasis, with perturbations therein linked to autoimmune disease and cancer. Whereas stem cell-derived organoids are powerful models of epithelial function, they lack tissue-resident immune cells that are essential for capturing organ-level processes. We describe human intestinal immuno-organoids (IIOs), formed through self-organization of epithelial organoids and autologous tissue-resident memory T (T) cells, a portion of which integrate within the epithelium and continuously survey the barrier.

Changes Over Time in the Lémann Index and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index in a Prospective Cohort of Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a progressive, destructive, and disabling disorder. Our study aimed to assess changes over time in the Lémann index (LI) and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD-DI) in a cohort of CD patients.

Methods: This was a single-center prospective cohort study of 130 consecutive CD patients with a follow-up of at least 4 years.

Effects of a Social Media Intervention on Vaping Intentions: Randomized Dose-Response Experiment.

Background: e-Cigarette use, especially by young adults, is at unacceptably high levels and represents a public health risk factor. Digital media are increasingly being used to deliver antivaping campaigns, but little is known about their effectiveness or the dose-response effects of content delivery.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of a 60-day antivaping social media intervention in changing vaping use intentions and beliefs related to the stimulus content and (2) the dose-response effects of varying levels of exposure to the intervention on vaping outcomes, including anti-industry beliefs, vaping intentions, and other attitudes and beliefs related to vaping.

Effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy vs. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage for jaundice in patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Retrospective, multicenter study (GALLBLADEUS Study).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) vs. EUS-gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) in cases of failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for jaundice resulting from malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included patients with obstructive jaundice secondary to MDBO who underwent EUS-GBD or EUS-CDS with lumen-apposing metal stents after failed ERCP.

Analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies via donor-matched intestinal organoids and tumouroids.

Predicting the toxicity of cancer immunotherapies preclinically is challenging because models of tumours and healthy organs do not typically fully recapitulate the expression of relevant human antigens. Here we show that patient-derived intestinal organoids and tumouroids supplemented with immune cells can be used to study the on-target off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCBs), and to capture clinical toxicities not predicted by conventional tissue-based models as well as inter-patient variabilities in TCB responses. We analysed the mechanisms of T-cell-mediated damage of neoplastic and donor-matched healthy epithelia at a single-cell resolution using multiplexed immunofluorescence.

Variations in pelvic tilt during day-to-day activities after total hip arthroplasty measured with an ultrasound system.

Introduction: The pelvis plays a major role in the orientation of total hip arthroplasty (THA) implants and consequently, on the postoperative stability of the new hip joint. The relationship between the spine and pelvis affects the functional orientation of the acetabular cup, although this relationship differs between individuals and the positions encountered in everyday life. We believe this should be factored in when planning the THA procedure.

Evaluation of response to incentive recruitment strategies in a social media-based survey.

Objective: This study aimed to examine varying incentives on acceptance to participate in an online survey on social media and to identify related demographic factors.

Methods: The study used Facebook and targeted its users aged 18 to 24 years in the United States. During recruitment, participants were randomized to one of the three types of incentives for survey completion, (1) a $5 gift card, (2) a lottery for a $200 gift card, and (3) a $5 gift card plus a lottery for a $200 gift card.

Are disparities in emergency department imaging exacerbated during high-volume periods?

Purpose: Evaluate if disparities in the emergency department (ED) imaging timeline exist, and if disparities are altered during high volume periods which may stress resource availability.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a four-hospital healthcare system. All patients with at least one ED visit containing imaging from 1/1/2016 to 9/30/2020 were included.

When Stridor is Not Croup: A Case Report.

Background: Croup is one of the most common causes of acute respiratory disorder in children. It presents as acute laryngeal symptoms in the context of viral infection. Treatment consists of systemic steroids and aerosolized adrenaline, after which the symptoms must resolve rapidly.

Natural Language Processing Model for Identifying Critical Findings-A Multi-Institutional Study.

Improving detection and follow-up of recommendations made in radiology reports is a critical unmet need. The long and unstructured nature of radiology reports limits the ability of clinicians to assimilate the full report and identify all the pertinent information for prioritizing the critical cases. We developed an automated NLP pipeline using a transformer-based ClinicalBERT model which was fine-tuned on 3 M radiology reports and compared against the traditional BERT model.

Imaging Informatics Fellowship Curriculum: Building Consensus on the Most Critical Topics and the Future of the Informatics Fellowship.

The existing fellowship imaging informatics curriculum, established in 2004, has not undergone formal revision since its inception and inaccurately reflects present-day radiology infrastructure. It insufficiently equips trainees for today's informatics challenges as current practices require an understanding of advanced informatics processes and more complex system integration. We sought to address this issue by surveying imaging informatics fellowship program directors across the country to determine the components and cutline for essential topics in a standardized imaging informatics curriculum, the consensus on essential versus supplementary knowledge, and the factors individual programs may use to determine if a newly developed topic is an essential topic.

Assessing the Feasibility of Studying Awareness of a Digital Health Campaign on Facebook: Pilot Study Comparing Young Adult Subsamples.

Background: Mass media campaigns for preventive health messaging have been shown to be effective through years of research. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of campaigns on digital media, which is currently how youths and young adults are primarily consuming media. In particular, a platform that can accurately assess exposure to digital messaging in a real-life setting has yet to be developed.

The Measurement of Dose and Response for Smoking Behavior Change Interventions in the Digital Age: Systematic Review.

Background: There is little consensus regarding effective digital health interventions for diverse populations, which is due in part to the difficulty of quantifying the impact of various media and content and the lack of consensus on evaluating dosage and outcomes. In particular, digital smoking behavior change intervention is an area where consistency of measurement has been a challenge because of emerging products and rapid policy changes. This study reviewed the contents and outcomes of digital smoking interventions and the consistency of reporting to inform future research.

Implementation practice models for development in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review of peer-reviewed literature.

Introduction: This study operationally defines a relatively small, but growing field of study on implementation practice models for health behavior change in the context of international development. We define 'implementation practice models' as theoretical models that take a practical and practitioner-focused approach to behavior change, and we illustrate how these models have been developed and applied. The paper examines the continuum of behavioral theories and their application in the context of development programs and research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Assessing digital advertising exposure using a virtual experimental protocol.

Introduction: The rapid increase in online public education campaigns underscores the need for a better understanding of the effects of exposure to digital advertising and targeted individual-level outcomes. The goal of this study is to develop a virtual experimental protocol to evaluate the dose-response effects of individual-level exposure to digital video ads on campaign outcomes in a naturalistic online browsing context.

Methods: Young adults aged 18-24 years ( = 221) completed three 5 min viewing sessions on a realistic mock-up of the YouTube mobile app over a period of 2 weeks, followed by a 10-min survey after the third session.

Balancing the Scales: An Analysis of Social Determinants of Health, Radiology Report Acuity, and Radiology Staffing Models in an Academic Health System.

Purpose: Social determinants of health, including race and insurance status, contribute to patient outcomes. In academic health systems, care is provided by a mix of trainees and faculty members. The optimal staffing ratio of trainees to faculty members (T/F) in radiology is unknown but may be related to the complexity of patients requiring care.

Endoscopic training during fellowship: A nationwide French study: Impact of theoretical courses and simulation-based training during fellowship.

Background: In France, it is mandatory that gastroenterology fellows have mastered the basic level of endoscopy by the end of training. The aim of this study was to assess improvement in the quality of fellows' endoscopy training in France during the last four years.

Methods: All fellows in France in training were eligible for participation.