Advances in idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents.

The understanding of idiopathic scoliosis continues to evolve. At some time in the foreseeable future the term will be oxymoronic. It may eventuate, based on a series of laboratory and genetic tests, that there will be three groups: One in which the curve will never be of significance and regular follow-up is unnecessary.

The diagnosis and treatment of back pain in children and adolescents: an update.

The conditions described for the most part are diagnosed by characteristic history, comprehensive physical examination, and selective laboratory and imaging studies. Most can be treated by nonoperative means. With the exception of tumors, surgical intervention is performed only after a thorough trial of conservative management.