Impact Of Sex On Clinical Characteristics And In-Hospital Outcomes In A Multi-Ethnic Southeast Asian Population Of Patients Hospitalized For Acute Heart Failure.

Objectives: To study sex differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes among multi-ethnic Southeast Asian patients with hospitalized heart failure (HHF).

Background: HHF is an important public health problem affecting man and women globally. Reports from Western populations suggest striking sex differences in risk factors and outcomes in HHF.

The Singapore Heart Failure Outcomes and Phenotypes (SHOP) study and Prospective Evaluation of Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (PEOPLE) study: rationale and design.

Background: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF) accounts for a substantial proportion of cases of HF, and to date no treatments have clearly improved outcome. There are also little data comparing HF cohorts of differing ethnicity within the Asia-Pacific region.

Methods: The Singapore Heart Failure Outcomes and Phenotypes (SHOP) study and Prospective Evaluation of Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (PEOPLE) study are parallel prospective studies using identical protocols to enroll patients with HF across 6 centers in Singapore and 4 in New Zealand.