IgA antibody immunotherapy targeting GD2 is effective in preclinical neuroblastoma models.

Background: Immunotherapy targeting GD2 is very effective against high-risk neuroblastoma, though administration of anti-GD2 antibodies induces severe and dose-limiting neuropathic pain by binding GD2-expressing sensory neurons. Previously, the IgG1 ch14.18 (dinutuximab) antibody was reformatted into the IgA1 isotype, which abolishes neuropathic pain and induces efficient neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) via activation of the Fc alpha receptor (FcαRI/CD89).

Human monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens recognize in vitro and in vivo biofilm.

Implant-associated infections are difficult to treat because of biofilm formation. Bacteria in a biofilm are often insensitive to antibiotics and host immunity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could provide an alternative approach to improve the diagnosis and potential treatment of biofilm-related infections.

Within-patient comparison between [Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT lymphoscintigraphy and [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node detection in oral cancer: a pilot study.

Purpose: To compare sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification using [Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT lymphoscintigraphy to [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept lymphoscintigraphy (including SPECT/CT) in early-stage oral cancer. Furthermore, to assess whether reliable intraoperative SLN localization can be performed with a conventional portable gamma-probe using [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept without the interference of [Ga]Ga-tilmanocept in these patients.

Methods: This prospective within-patient comparison pilot study evaluated SLN identification by [Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT lymphoscintigraphy compared to conventional lymphoscintigraphy using [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept (~ 74 MBq) in 10 early-stage oral cancer patients scheduled for SLN biopsy.

Targeting of promising transmembrane proteins for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of cancer due to the relatively late diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Current treatment regimens mainly comprise the cytotoxic agents gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX. These compounds have shown limited efficacy and severe side effects, highlighting the necessity for earlier detection and the development of more effective, and better-tolerated treatments.

In Vivo Retention Quantification of Supramolecular Hydrogels Engineered for Cardiac Delivery.

Recent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration show great potential in the use of injectable hydrogels to reduce immediate flush-out of injected factors, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the encapsulated drugs. To establish a relation between cardiac function and retention of the drug-encapsulating hydrogel, a quantitative in vivo imaging method is required. Here, the supramolecular ureido-pyrimidinone modified poly(ethylene glycol) (UPy-PEG) material is developed into a bioactive hydrogel for radioactive imaging in a large animal model.

CXCR4 expression in glioblastoma tissue and the potential for PET imaging and treatment with [Ga]Ga-Pentixafor /[Lu]Lu-Pentixather.

Purpose: CXCR4 (over)expression is found in multiple human cancer types, while expression is low or absent in healthy tissue. In glioblastoma it is associated with a poor prognosis and more extensive infiltrative phenotype. CXCR4 can be targeted by the diagnostic PET agent [Ga]Ga-Pentixafor and its therapeutic counterpart [Lu]Lu-Pentixather.

A Rapid and Safe Infusion Protocol for Lu Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lu-labeled somatostatin analogs in patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors is often performed using administration protocols prescribing a 30-min infusion time. The most often used method of infusion is the gravity method, by which the complete dose is effectively administered exponentially. However, there is no evidence to explicitly support an infusion time of 30 min.

Sentinel lymph node detection in oral cancer: a within-patient comparison between [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept and [Tc]Tc-nanocolloid.

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has proven to reliably stage the clinically negative neck in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept may be of benefit in OSCC with complex lymphatic drainage patterns and close spatial relation to SLNs.

Methods: A prospective within-patient evaluation study was designed to compare [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept with [Tc]Tc-nanocolloid for SLN detection.

Ga-PSMA PET/CT in radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and first treatment results with Lu-PSMA-617.

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Treatment with surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI), and TSH suppression is effective in most patients. Five to 15% of patients become RAI refractory and need alternative therapy; however, treatment options are limited.

Blood and urine analyses after radioembolization of liver malignancies with [Ho]Ho-acetylacetonate-poly(l-lactic acid) microspheres.

Background: [Ho]Ho-acetylacetonate-poly(L-lactic acid) microspheres were used in radioembolization of liver malignancies by intra-arterial administration. The primary aim of this study was to assess the stability and biodistribution of these microspheres.

Materials And Methods: Peripheral blood and urine samples were obtained from two clinical studies.

First Experience With 177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Netherlands.

Purpose: The present study summarizes the first experience with Lu-PSMA-617 (Lu-PSMA) treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) in our institution.

Methods: This was an analysis of the first 30 consecutive patients who underwent Lu-PSMA therapy. Biochemical response was defined as prostate-specific antigen decrease of 50% or greater.

Impact of external cooling with icepacks on Ga-PSMA uptake in salivary glands.

Background: External cooling of the salivary glands is advised to prevent xerostomia in lutetium-177-PSMA treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Since evidence addressing this subject is sparse, this study aims to determine impact of icepacks application on uptake in salivary glands. Eighty-nine patients referred for gallium-68-PSMA PET/CT for (re)staging of prostate cancer were prospectively included.

Additional hepatic Ho-radioembolization in patients with neuroendocrine tumours treated with Lu-DOTATATE; a single center, interventional, non-randomized, non-comparative, open label, phase II study (HEPAR PLUS trial).

Background: Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) consist of a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with various organs of origin. At diagnosis 21% of the patients with a Grade 1 NET and 30% with a Grade 2 NET have distant metastases. Treatment with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) shows a high objective response rate and long median survival after treatment.

Ga-PSMA PET-CT Imaging of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

A patient with a history of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasal cavity presented himself with bone pain and an elevated PSA level. On suspicion of metastatic prostate cancer a Ga-PSMA PET-CT was performed. The PET-CT showed numerous lung and non-sclerotic bone metastasis.

Imaging of Folate Receptor Expressing Macrophages in the Rat Groove Model of Osteoarthritis: Using a New DOTA-Folate Conjugate.

Objective To evaluate the presence and localization of folate receptor expressing macrophages in the rat groove model of osteoarthritis and determine the suitability of a new folate conjugate with albumin-binding entity (cm09) for in vivo SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) analysis. Design In male Wistar rats, local cartilage damage was induced in addition to a standard ( n = 10) or high-fat diet ( n = 6). After 12 weeks, In labeled folate conjugates were administered, and SPECT/CT (computed tomography) imaging was performed after 24 hours.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging and immunohistochemistry in adenoid cystic carcinoma-a preliminary analysis.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) of the head and neck is an uncommon malignant epithelial tumour of the secretory glands. Many patients develop slowly growing local recurrence and/or distant metastasis, for which treatment options are limited. A retrospective analysis of 9 AdCC patients was conducted to analyse the visualization of AdCC on PSMA PET/CT and to investigate the expression of PSMA on primary, recurrent and metastatic AdCC tumour tissue using immunohistochemistry.

Surefire infusion system versus standard microcatheter use during holmium-166 radioembolization: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: An anti-reflux catheter (ARC) may increase the tumor absorbed dose during radioembolization (RE) by elimination of particle reflux and its effects on hemodynamics. Since the catheter is fixed in a centro-luminal position, it may also increase the predictive accuracy of a scout dose administration before treatment. The purpose of the SIM trial is to compare the effects of ARC use during RE with holmium-166 (Ho) microspheres in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), with the use of a standard end-hole microcatheter.

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(68)Gallium (Ga)-PSMA PET/CT (PSMA stands for "prostate-specific membrane antigen") is a new diagnostic tool for patients with prostate cancer or with prostate cancer metastases. PET/CT is a combination scan which uses the physiological information of the PET scan and the anatomic information of the CT scan. The radioligand (68)Ga-PSMA is a radioactively labelled peptide that binds to the membrane protein PSMA.

Radiation emission from patients treated with holmium-166 radioembolization.

Purpose: To assess the radiation exposure to individuals coming from patients after treatment with holmium-166 ((166)Ho) microspheres.

Materials And Methods: Holmium-166 radioembolization (RE) with escalating whole-liver doses of 20 Gy, 40 Gy, 60 Gy, and 80 Gy was administered to 15 patients. Exposure rates (μSv/h) from patients were measured at 1.

The necessity of nuclear reactors for targeted radionuclide therapies.

Nuclear medicine has been contributing towards personalized therapies. Nuclear reactors are required for the working horses of both diagnosis and treatment, i.e.

Microbrachytherapy using holmium-166 acetylacetonate microspheres: a pilot study in a spontaneous cancer animal model.

Purpose: Holmium-166 acetylacetonate microspheres ((166)Ho-AcAc-MS) are proposed as an intratumoral radioablation device. This article presents a pilot study in housecats with unresectable liver cancer. Feasibility and tolerability of intratumoral administrations of (166)Ho-AcAc-MS was investigated.

Targeted radiotherapy of bone malignancies.

The severe pain associated with many disorders affecting bone account for a large proportion of cases of patient morbidity, due to the encumbrance of mobility and therefore, compromised quality of life. Skeletal metastasis is one such condition, which generally complicates the treatment of the primary cancers such as that of the breast, prostate and lung - causing intense pain and eventually even mortality. This paper presents examples of various approaches explored and proposed in the ongoing search to identify better radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of bone disorders such as metastases.