Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Viruses and Grapevine Virus A by Vineyard-Sampled Soft Scales (, Hemiptera: Coccidae).

Grapevine-infecting ampelo- and vitiviruses are transmitted by scale insects belonging to several species, among which is the European fruit lecanium, (Bouché) (Hemiptera Coccidae). Our objective was to characterize the transmission biology of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) and grapevine virus A (GVA) by this soft scale species in order to evaluate its ability to spread these viruses. In transmission experiments with nymphs sampled from different vineyards infected with GLRaV 1, 2, 3 and GVA, transmitted only GLRaV 1 and GVA to healthy vines.

Transmission of Grapevine Ampelo- and Vitiviruses by the Bohemian Mealybug Šulc ().

Grapevine-infecting ampelo- and vitiviruses are transmitted by several scale insect species, including the Bohemian mealybug, Šulc. Virus infectivity experiments were performed with this species to study the transmission ability of natural populations living in infected vineyards in Alsace, France. Mealybugs were sampled on vines infected by grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, -2, and -3) and by grapevine virus A (GVA), either alone or in combinations.

Transmission of () and () by the Cottony Grape Scale, (Hemiptera: ).

The cottony grape scale is a scale insect colonizing grapevine; however, its capacity as a vector of grapevine viruses is poorly known in comparison to other scale species that are vectors of viral species in the genera and . The ability of to transmit the ampeloviruses [GLRaV]-1, -3, and -4, and the vitivirus (GVA), to healthy vine cuttings was assessed. The scale insects used originated from commercial vine plots located in Alsace, Eastern France.

Spatial Distribution Patterns of (Hemiptera, Coccidae) and of the Ampelovirus GLRaV-1 and the Vitivirus GVA in a Commercial Vineyard.

Distribution patterns of the European fruit lecanium (Bouché) and of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1) and grapevine virus A (GVA) were monitored from 2003 to 2015 in a Riesling vine plot in the northeast of France. Virus spread was compared between two periods: 2003-2008 and 2009-2014. The percentage of infected vines increased from 54 to 78% for GLRaV-1 and from 14 to 26% for GVA.

High-Throughput Sequencing and the Viromic Study of Grapevine Leaves: From the Detection of Grapevine-Infecting Viruses to the Description of a New Environmental Member.

In the past decade, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has had a major impact on virus diversity studies as well as on diagnosis, providing an unbiased and more comprehensive view of the virome of a wide range of organisms. Rather than the serological and molecular-based methods, with their more "reductionist" view focusing on one or a few known agents, HTS-based approaches are able to give a "holistic snapshot" of the complex phytobiome of a sample of interest. In grapevine for example, HTS is powerful enough to allow for the assembly of complete genomes of the various viral species or variants infecting a sample of known or novel virus species.