'Insulin neuritis' to 'treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes': new name, same mystery.

Insulin neuritis is a historical term for an acute neuropathy affecting patients with diabetes who achieve rapid re-establishment of previously poor glycaemic control. It presents with neuropathic pain, symptoms of autonomic dysfunction or a combination of both. Recently, it has been proposed that 'treatment-induced neuropathy of diabetes' would be a more accurate name for this entity.

TI-relaxation time changes over five years in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

The pathological effects of multiple sclerosis are not confined to lesions; tissues that appear normal on conventional magnetic resonance imaging scans are also affected, albeit subtly. One imaging technique that has proven sensitive to such effects is T1-relaxation time measurement, with previous work demonstrating abnormalities in normal-appearing white matter and grey matter. In this work we investigated the evolution of T1-relaxation time changes in normal-appearing white matter and grey matter in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies: a potentially treatable cause of encephalitis in the intensive care unit.

Objective: To report the occurrence of an unusual neurologic disorder requiring admission to the intensive care unit.

Design: Analysis of an observational cohort study of 31 patients with encephalitis admitted over a 4-yr period.

Setting: Neurologic intensive care unit in a tertiary referral center.

Longitudinal evaluation of clinically early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with diffusion tensor imaging.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters such as mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) assess aspects of structural integrity within tissue. In relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS), abnormalities in normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) have been shown cross-sectionally. The evolution of these abnormalities over time is unclear.

Cerebral atrophy measurement in clinically isolated syndromes and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a comparison of registration-based methods.

Background And Purpose: Brain atrophy is a proposed marker of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Many magnetic resonance imaging-based methods of atrophy quantification exist, but their relative sensitivity and precision is unclear. Our aim was to compare atrophy rates from the brain boundary shift integral (BBSI), structural image evaluation, using normalization of atrophy (SIENA) (both registration-based methods) and segmented brain volume difference, in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), and controls.

Localization of grey matter atrophy in early RRMS : A longitudinal study.

Previous MR studies have established that grey matter (GM) atrophy occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS) from clinical onset. However, it is uncertain whether early GM atrophy is global or has certain local predilections: using Voxel-Based Morphometry this study aimed to address this question.Twenty-one patients with early RRMS (mean age 36 years, mean disease duration from symptom onset 25.

Principal component and linear discriminant analysis of T1 histograms of white and grey matter in multiple sclerosis.

Twenty-three relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and 14 controls were imaged to produce normal-appearing white and grey matter T1 histograms. These were used to assess whether histogram measures from principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) out-perform traditional histogram metrics in classification of T1 histograms into control and RRMS subject groups and in correlation with the expanded disability status score (EDSS). The histograms were classified into one of two groups using a leave-one-out analysis.

Upper cervical cord area in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: cross-sectional study of factors influencing cord size.

Purpose: To determine whether the upper cervical cord area (UCCA) is influenced by disease effect in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), using statistical modeling to account for potential covariates.

Materials And Methods: A cohort of 39 patients were studied cross-sectionally within three years of first symptom onset (median disease duration = 1.6 years) and compared with 26 healthy controls.

Plasma cerebrosterol and magnetic resonance imaging measures in multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: The concentration in plasma of the brain-specific cholesterol metabolite cerebrosterol has been proposed as a biomarker of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological diseases. It is unknown, however, which pathophysiological process in MS best accounts for variations in plasma cerebrosterol.

Patients And Methods: In this study, we related plasma cerebrosterol concentrations in 46 MS patients - 27 with a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course and 19 with a primary progressive (PP) course - to three conventional magnetic resonance imaging measures: on T(1)-weighted brain scans, volume of gadolinium-enhanced lesions (a marker of active inflammation) and hypointense lesions (a marker of edema or axonal loss) and on T(2)-weighted scans, volume of hyperintense lesions (a marker of disease extent).

Early development of multiple sclerosis is associated with progressive grey matter atrophy in patients presenting with clinically isolated syndromes.

While brain atrophy occurs early in the clinical course of multiple sclerosis, exactly how early, which tissues are affected and the rate at which early atrophy occurs are unclear. Regional brain atrophy was investigated in 58 patients recruited within 3 months of onset of a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis, who were followed-up for 3 years. At 3 years, 31 subjects had developed multiple sclerosis as defined by the McDonald criteria, while 27 had not (13 had MRI-visible brain lesions and 14 did not).

The clinical significance of an intrathecal monoclonal immunoglobulin band: a follow-up study.

Background: Intrathecal oligoclonal band synthesis occurs in 95% of patients with clinically definite MS but may also occur in the context of CNS infection and other inflammatory conditions. By contrast, the significance of an intrathecal synthesis of a monoclonal band remains uncertain. Previously, an association between a single intrathecal band and CNS lymphoma has been reported but a relationship has also been shown with diagnoses more usually associated with an oligoclonal pattern.