Development of a multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat typing scheme for genetic fingerprinting of Burkholderia cenocepacia and application to nationwide epidemiological analysis.

Organisms of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are especially important pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF), with a propensity for patient-to-patient spread and long-term respiratory colonization. B. cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans account for the majority of infections in CF, and major epidemic clones have been recognized throughout the world.

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in France in 2007: data from the pneumococcus surveillance network.

Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in France is closely monitored by the pneumococcus surveillance network, founded in 1995, which collects data from regional observatories (Observatoire Régionaux du Pneumocoque [ORP]). In 2007, 23 ORPs analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility of 5,302 isolates of S. pneumoniae recovered in France from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, middle ear fluid, and pleural fluid, as well as from adult respiratory samples.

Microbiological and epidemiological features of clinical respiratory isolates of Burkholderia gladioli.

Burkholderia gladioli, primarily known as a plant pathogen, is involved in human infections, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In the present study, the first respiratory isolates recovered from 14 French patients with CF and 4 French patients without CF, identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis, were tested for growth on B. cepacia selective media, for identification by commercial systems, and for their antimicrobial susceptibilities, and were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Selection of nitrogen-fixing deficient Burkholderia vietnamiensis strains by cystic fibrosis patients: involvement of nif gene deletions and auxotrophic mutations.

Burkholderia vietnamiensis is the third most prevalent species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) found in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Its ability at fixing nitrogen makes it one of the main Bcc species showing strong filiations with environmental reservoirs. In this study, 83% (29 over 35) of the B.

Risk of emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in intensive care units.

Objective: The emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to antimicrobial drugs is frequent in intensive care units and may be correlated with the use of some specific drugs. The purpose of our study was to identify a relationship between the use of various beta-lactam antibiotics and the emergence of resistance and to characterize the mechanism of resistance involved.

Design: We conducted an open prospective study over a 3-yr period by including all patients in whom P.

Clinical and microbiological features of Inquilinus sp. isolates from five patients with cystic fibrosis.

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may be colonized with unusual gram-negative bacilli whose identification is difficult and clinical impact unclear. We describe the clinical and microbiological features of five colonizations with organisms belonging to the recently described genus Inquilinus in CF patients. Isolates were identified from Burkholderia cepacia selective medium by means of 16S rRNA analysis.

OXA-58, a novel class D {beta}-lactamase involved in resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii.

A carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain was isolated in Toulouse, France, in 2003. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli identified the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase OXA-58, which is weakly related (less than 50% amino acid identity) to other oxacillinases. It hydrolyzed penicillins, oxacillin, and imipenem but not expanded-spectrum cephalosporins.

Species distribution and ribotype diversity of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from French patients with cystic fibrosis.

A total of 153 Burkholderia cepacia strains obtained from 153 French patients with cystic fibrosis were identified as Burkholderia multivorans (51.6%) or Burkholderia cenocepacia (45.1%).

Use of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis for identification of Ralstonia and Pandoraea species: interest in determination of the respiratory bacterial flora in patients with cystic fibrosis.

The recovery of Ralstonia and Pandoraea species from respiratory tract cultures of patients with cystic fibrosis has recently been reported. These species are difficult to identify, and especially to differentiate from Burkholderia cepacia complex organisms, with classical methods. The discriminatory power of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) within the two genera was assessed by comparing the restriction profiles of reference strains of each species by using a panel of six enzymes already proven suitable for the identification of Burkholderia species.

Colonization of the oral cavity by Candida species: risk factors in long-term geriatric care.

The population of elderly people in hospitals for long-term geriatric care presents many risk factors for nosocomial infection by Candida species. The aim of this work was to reduce the risk of C. albicans nosocomial infections starting from colonization of the oral cavity.