A Uremic Pig Model for Peritoneal Dialysis.

With increasing interest in home dialysis, there is a need for a translational uremic large animal model to evaluate technical innovations in peritoneal dialysis (PD). To this end, we developed a porcine model with kidney failure. Stable chronic kidney injury was induced by bilateral subtotal renal artery embolization.

Arterio-ureteral fistula: a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire analysis.

Purpose: Arterio-ureteral fistula (AUF) is an uncommon diagnosis, but potentially lethal. Although the number of reports has increased over the past two decades, the true incidence and contemporary urologists' experience and approach in clinical practice remains unknown. This research is conducted to provide insight in the incidence of AUF in The Netherlands, and the applied diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches in modern practice.

Arterio-Ureteral Fistula: Systematic Review of 445 Patients.

Purpose: Arterio-ureteral fistula (AUF) is an uncommon diagnosis, but increasingly reported and potentially lethal. This systematic review comprehensively presents risk factors, pathophysiology, location and clinical presentation of AUF aiming to increase clinical awareness of this rare but life-threatening condition, and to put this entity into a contemporary perspective with modern diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.

Materials And Methods: This review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data) guidelines.

A Uremic Goat Model Created by Subtotal Renal Artery Embolization and Gentamicin.

A large animal model of (end-stage) kidney disease (ESKD) is needed for the preclinical testing of novel renal replacement therapies. This study aimed to create stable uremia via subtotal renal artery embolization in goats and induce a temporary further decline in kidney function by administration of gentamicin. Renal artery embolization was performed in five Dutch white goats by infusing polyvinyl alcohol particles in branches of the renal artery, aiming for the embolization of ~80% of one kidney and complete embolization of the contralateral kidney.

Seven tesla MRI improves detection of focal cortical dysplasia in patients with refractory focal epilepsy.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of 7 tesla (T) MRI in clinical practice leads to higher detection rates of focal cortical dysplasias in possible candidates for epilepsy surgery.

Methods: In our center patients are referred for 7 T MRI if lesional focal epilepsy is suspected, but no abnormalities are detected at one or more previous, sufficient-quality lower-field MRI scans, acquired with a dedicated epilepsy protocol, or when concealed pathology is suspected in combination with MR-visible mesiotemporal sclerosis-dual pathology. We assessed 40 epilepsy patients who underwent 7 T MRI for presurgical evaluation and whose scans (both 7 T and lower field) were discussed during multidisciplinary epilepsy surgery meetings that included a dedicated epilepsy neuroradiologist.

Predicting the presence of macrovascular causes in non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage: the DIAGRAM prediction score.

Objective: A substantial part of non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) arises from a macrovascular cause, but there is little guidance on selection of patients for additional diagnostic work-up. We aimed to develop and externally validate a model for predicting the probability of a macrovascular cause in patients with non-traumatic ICH.

Methods: The DIagnostic AngioGRAphy to find vascular Malformations (DIAGRAM) study (n=298; 69 macrovascular cause; 23%) is a prospective, multicentre study assessing yield and accuracy of CT angiography (CTA), MRI/ magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and intra-arterial catheter angiography in diagnosing macrovascular causes in patients with non-traumatic ICH.

Diagnostic yield and accuracy of CT angiography, MR angiography, and digital subtraction angiography for detection of macrovascular causes of intracerebral haemorrhage: prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Study Question: What are the diagnostic yield and accuracy of early computed tomography (CT) angiography followed by magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage?

Methods: This prospective diagnostic study enrolled 298 adults (18-70 years) treated in 22 hospitals in the Netherlands over six years. CT angiography was performed within seven days of haemorrhage. If the result was negative, MRI/MRA was performed four to eight weeks later.

Safety of a dedicated brain MRI protocol in patients with a vagus nerve stimulator.

Although implanted metallic devices constitute a relative contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, the safety of brain imaging in a patient with a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) is classified as "conditional," provided that specific manufacturer guidelines are followed when a transmit and receive head coil is used at 1.5 or 3.0 Tesla.

Artefacts induced by coiled intracranial aneurysms on 3.0-Tesla versus 1.5-Tesla MR angiography--An in vivo and in vitro study.

Objective: To compare metal-induced artefacts from coiled intracranial aneurysms on 3.0-Tesla and 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), since concerns persist on artefact enlargement at 3.

Coil-treated aneurysms: decision making regarding additional treatment based on findings of MR angiography and intraarterial DSA.

Purpose: To assess whether magnetic resonance (MR) angiography can be used as a noninvasive alternative to intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to indicate additional treatment in the follow-up of patients with coil-treated intracranial aneurysms.

Materials And Methods: This was an ethics committee-approved multicenter study. Consecutive patients who were scheduled for follow-up intraarterial DSA after coil placement were invited for additional MR angiography after providing written informed consent.

How frequent are radiological abnormalities in patients with psychosis? A review of 1379 MRI scans.

Background: The term psychosis refers to a combination of symptoms, without pointing to the origin of these symptoms. In a subset of psychotic patients, symptoms are attributable to an organic disease. It is important to identify these organic causes of psychosis early, as urgent treatment of the primary disease may be required.

Late reopening of adequately coiled intracranial aneurysms: frequency and risk factors in 400 patients with 440 aneurysms.

Background And Purpose: In aneurysms that are adequately occluded 6 months after coiling, the risk of late reopening is largely unknown. We assessed the occurrence of late aneurysm reopening and possible risk factors.

Methods: From January 1995 to June 2005, 1808 intracranial aneurysms were coiled in 1675 patients at 7 medical centers.

De novo aneurysm formation and growth of untreated aneurysms: a 5-year MRA follow-up in a large cohort of patients with coiled aneurysms and review of the literature.

Background And Purpose: Rates of development of de novo intracranial aneurysms and of growth of untreated additional aneurysms are largely unknown. We performed MRA in a large patient cohort with coiled aneurysms at 5-year follow-up.

Methods: In 276 patients with coiled intracranial aneurysms and 5±0.

Internal motion of the vagina after hysterectomy for gynaecological cancer.

Background And Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate position changes of the vagina after hysterectomy for early stage cervical or endometrial cancer and their impact on CTV-PTV margins. We also studied their correlation with surrounding organ filling.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen patients underwent T2-weighted MR scans before and weekly during the course of their EBRT.

The influence of the b-value combination on apparent diffusion coefficient based differentiation between malignant and benign tissue in cervical cancer.

Purpose: To analyze the influence of different b-value combinations on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-based differentiation of known malignant and benign tissue in cervical cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 35 patients with stage IB1, IB2, IIA cervical cancer underwent a 3.0T MRI scan prior to radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection.

Intracranial aneurysms treated with coil placement: test characteristics of follow-up MR angiography--multicenter study.

Purpose: To determine the test characteristics of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in the assessment of occlusion of aneurysms treated with coil placement.

Materials And Methods: This was an ethics committee-approved multicenter study. written informed consent was obtained in 311 patients with 343 aneurysms, who had been treated with coil placement and were scheduled for routine follow-up with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Inferior caval vein thrombosis owing to compression of focal nodular hyperplasia: surgical resection after shrinkage by hepatic artery embolization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of a staged treatment of symptomatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), consisting of first embolization and then resection. A 36-year-old woman presented with pulmonary embolism caused by an inferior caval vein thrombosis owing to external compression by FNH in liver segment I (5.2 x 6.

3T versus 1.5T phased-array MRI in the presurgical work-up of patients with partial epilepsy of uncertain focus.

Purpose: To study 3T compared to 1.5T phased array magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presurgical work-up of patients with epilepsy with complex focus localization.

Materials And Methods: In all, 37 patients (>10 years) in preoperative work-up for epilepsy surgery were offered 3T in addition to 1.

Motion and deformation of the target volumes during IMRT for cervical cancer: what margins do we need?

Background And Purpose: For cervical cancer patients the CTV consists of multiple structures, exhibiting complex inter-fraction changes. The purpose of this study is to use weekly MR imaging to derive PTV margins that accommodate these changes.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients with cervical cancer underwent a T2-weighted MRI exam before and weekly during IMRT.

Image-guided vascular neurosurgery based on three-dimensional rotational angiography. Technical note.

Three-dimensional rotational angiography is capable of exquisite visualization of cerebral blood vessels and their pathophysiology. Unfortunately, images obtained using this modality typically show a small region of interest without exterior landmarks to allow patient-to-image registration, precluding their use for neuronavigation purposes. The aim of this study was to find an alternative technique to enable 3D rotational angiography-guided vascular neurosurgery.

Circle of Willis at CT angiography: dose reduction and image quality--reducing tube voltage and increasing tube current settings.

Purpose: To prospectively assess the effects of lower tube voltage and various effective tube currents on image quality for computed tomographic (CT) angiography of the circle of Willis.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained. Patients or family provided written informed consent.

Conventional, conformal, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning of external beam radiotherapy for cervical cancer: The impact of tumor regression.

Purpose: Investigating the impact of tumor regression on the dose within cervical tumors and surrounding organs, comparing conventional, conformal, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and the need for repeated treatment planning during irradiation.

Methods And Materials: Fourteen patients with cervical cancer underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before treatment and once during treatment, after about 30 Gy. Target volumes and critical organs were delineated.

MR urography for the preoperative evaluation of living renal donors.

The purpose of this study was to assess the image quality and diagnostic value of MR urography in detecting abnormalities of the urinary collecting system relevant for the preoperative evaluation of living renal donors. Study subjects were selected from the existing intravenous urography (IVU) reports: 18 consecutive patients with a duplication or another abnormality of the collecting system and 20 consecutive patients with normal anatomy. They underwent a respiratory-triggered 3D T2-weighted fast spin-echo acquisition after oral administration of furosemide, without and with abdominal compression.