Infection in the United States, 2011-2014.

can cause severe neurologic and ocular disease when transmitted congenitally and in immunosuppressed persons. Sera collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 through 2014 in 13,507 persons ≥ 6 years old were tested for immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies, and in those both IgG and IgM antibody positive, for IgG avidity. Overall, 11.

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Biospecimen Program: NHANES III (1988-1994) and NHANES 1999-2014.

Background: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey's 9NHANES) biospecimena program was formed to manage the collection of biospecimena (including serum, plasma, urine, and DNA) from NHANES cycles, the storage of biospecimens in NHANES biospecimens, accessing of biospecimens by researchers and the providing of resulting data to future researchers. Data from biospeceimen research can be combined with existing NHANES data.

Objective: This report provides background on the development of NHANES biorepositories and describes the collection, processing, and storing of biospecimens; ethical considerations and informed consent; and the proposal process for accessing biospecimens and resulting data.

Did CDC's 2006 revised HIV testing recommendations make a difference? Evaluation of HIV testing in the US household population, 2003-2010.

Objective: To examine changes in the prevalence of HIV testing among adults following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2006 revised HIV testing recommendations.

Design: The 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population.

Methods: Weighted estimates and multivariable modeling to assess the prevalence of lifetime HIV testing, outside of blood donations, based on 13,975 respondents aged 18-59 years, comparing the 2003-2006 and 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010.

Background: Knowledge of the number of persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States is critical for public health and policy planning.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic HCV infection between 2003 and 2010 and to identify factors associated with this condition.

Design: Nationally representative household survey.

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2--United States, 1999-2010.

Background: Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are common infections with serious sequelae. HSV-1 is an increasingly important cause of genital herpes in industrialized countries.

Methods: Using nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence among 14- to 49-year-olds in the United States.

Change in Hepatitis A Seroprevalence among U.S. Children and Adolescents: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 and 2007-2010.

To examine changes in seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) during a period in which universal vaccine recommendations for all U.S. children were implemented, results from serologic testing from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003-2010 were analyzed among 7,989 participants age 6-19 years, born in the U.

Relationship of sex steroid hormones with body size and with body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in US men.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of body size-captured via whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and physical measurement-with serum sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), we utilized cross-sectional data and serum samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999-2004).

Methods: Testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide (3-alpha-diol-G), estradiol, and SHBG were measured via immunoassay in serum samples from a total of 898 adult men (ages 20-90) participating in the morning examination. As part of the NHANES data collection, DXA scans and measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference were performed by trained staff.

Awareness of infection, knowledge of hepatitis C, and medical follow-up among individuals testing positive for hepatitis C: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2008.

Unlabelled: Many persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unknown to the healthcare system because they may be asymptomatic for years, have not been tested for HCV infection, and only seek medical care when they develop liver-related complications. We analyzed data from persons who tested positive for past or current HCV infection during participation in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 through 2008. A follow-up survey was conducted 6 months after examination to determine (1) how many participants testing positive for HCV infection were aware of their HCV status before being notified by NHANES, (2) what actions participants took after becoming aware of their first positive test, and (3) participants' knowledge about hepatitis C.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in the U.S.: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objectives: We described seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) in the United States during 1999-2006 and compared it with seroprevalence before the availability of vaccine.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 1988-1994 and 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to obtain estimates of anti-HAV seroprevalence for the U.S.

Varicella seroprevalence in the U.S.: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004.

Objective: We estimated the varicella seroprevalence among the U.S. population aged 6-49 years based on retested National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) specimens collected between 1999 and 2004--originally tested using a method unsuitable for detecting vaccine-induced immunity--and compared it with historical estimates.

Seroprevalence of antibody to mumps virus in the US population, 1999-2004.

Background: In 2006, the largest mumps outbreak in the United States in 20 years occurred. To understand prior mumps seroprevalence and factors associated with the presence of antibody to mumps virus, data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed.

Methods: A mumps virus-specific enzyme immunoassay was used to measure the seroprevalence of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody among NHANES participants aged 6-49 years.

Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female adolescents aged 14 to 19 in the United States.

Objective: Most young women initiate sexual activity during adolescence; risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) accompanies this initiation. In this study we estimated the prevalence of the most common STIs among a representative sample of female adolescents in the United States.

Methods: Data were analyzed from 838 females who were aged 14 to 19 and participating in the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004.

Seroprevalence of HIV in the US Household Population Aged 18–49 Years: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999–2006.

Objective: To monitor trends in HIV seroprevalence in the United States, HIV testing was included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 1999 to 2006.

Methods: From 1999 to 2006, 11,928 participants aged 18–49 years were tested for HIV antibody. Prevalence estimates were weighted to account for over sampling and nonresponse.

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in the United States: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent and causes disease worldwide, but its epidemiological profile is only partially understood.

Methods: We used an enzyme immunoassay to measure anti-HEV immunoglobulin G antibodies in 18,695 serum samples collected in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated estimates of HEV seroprevalence and examined associations with putative risk factors.

Prevalence of syphilis seroreactivity in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2004.

Background: There have been no recent US population-based estimates of syphilis seroprevalence. We determined the prevalence of syphilis seroreactivity among a representative sample of the US population.

Methods: Sera from 18- to 49-year-old participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001-2004 were tested for syphilis IgG antibody using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

HIV infection in the United States household population aged 18-49 years: results from 1999-2006.

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The prevalence of HIV infection among adults aged 18-49 years residing in households in the United States was 0.47% for the period 1999-2006.

Seroprevalence of measles antibody in the US population, 1999-2004.

Background: Endemic measles transmission was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. To ensure that elimination can be maintained, high population immunity must be sustained and monitored. Testing for measles antibody was included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative survey, conducted during 1999-2004.

Prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the United States population: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2000.

Rationale: The goal for tuberculosis (TB) elimination in the United States is a TB disease incidence of less than 1 per million U.S. population by 2010, which requires that the latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence be less than 1% and decreasing.

Risk factors for human herpesvirus 8 infection among adults in the United States and evidence for sexual transmission.

Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) causes Kaposi sarcoma. In the United States, transmission routes for HHV-8 are uncertain.

Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III sampled individuals from the US general population (1988-1994).

Rubella immunity levels in the United States population: has the threshold of viral elimination been reached?

After the 1989-1991 rubella resurgence, rubella vaccination efforts targeted children and women of childbearing age. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected during 1988-1994 and 1999-2004, we assessed whether US levels of rubella seropositivity are consistent with rubella elimination and whether changes are consistent with immunization efforts. Serum samples with rubella antibody levels > or =10 IU tested by rubella immunoglobulin G enzyme immunoassay were considered to be positive.

Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States.

Context: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 are common infections worldwide. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the cause of most genital herpes and is almost always sexually transmitted. In contrast, HSV-1 is usually transmitted during childhood via nonsexual contacts.

Consent for genetic research in a general population: an update on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey experience.

Purpose: The study determines the consent rates for storage of biologic samples for future research with and without genetic studies and describes trends in sociodemographic factors associated with consent.

Methods: We performed an analysis of the characteristics of consenting individuals participating in three data cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the U.S.

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002.

Background: Defining the primary characteristics of persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) enables physicians to more easily identify persons who are most likely to benefit from testing for the disease.

Objective: To describe the HCV-infected population in the United States.

Design: Nationally representative household survey.