Niemann-Pick's and Gaucher's diseases.

A short account is presented of the evolution of knowledge concerning Niemann-Pick's and Gaucher's diseases, two autosomal recessive genetic disturbances of lysosomal storage function. This culminated in the intriguing realisation, arising from mounting clinical and molecular evidence, that glucocerebrosidase mutations constitute the most common risk factor for Parkinson's disease identified to date.

Erich Harnack (1852-1915) and a short history of apomorphine.

Apomorphine, now established as an efficacious therapy for refractory motor fluctuations in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease, has a long and chequered history in medical and veterinary therapeutics. The preclinical in vivo pharmacological effects of apomorphine were first studied about 150 years ago following which the drug was introduced for the treatment of behavioural vices in domesticated animals. Erich Harnack's early pharmacological studies in Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia), where he belonged to the pharmacological dynasty of Buchheim and Schmiedeberg, are of particular historical significance as he emphasised that while apomorphine had potent emetic effects, the drug also had complex effects on the central nervous system.

Genetics and the neurodegenerations: musings of a gadfly.

An elderly perplexed clinician who has lived through the molecular revolution briefly considers the potential of genetics in elucidating the causes of neurodegenerations and expresses certain reservations.

Why catechol?

A brief history of the evolution of the term catechol amine and relationship to the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

The differentiation potential of human foetal neuronal progenitor cells in vitro.

Previously, this laboratory has shown that human foetal progenitor cells derived from ventral mesencephalon (VM) can be developmentally directed towards a dopaminergic lineage. In the present study, the effects are reported of several as yet untested differentiation/survival factors on the controlled conversion of neural progenitor cells to dopaminergic neurons. Positive immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and raised levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), secreted into culture medium, were used to indicate the presence of the dopaminergic neuronal phenotype, i.

The controlled conversion of human neural progenitor cells derived from foetal ventral mesencephalon into dopaminergic neurons in vitro.

The expansion and differentiation of neural progenitor cells in vitro provides an approach to study the development and differentiation of neurons. The ventral mesencephalic area of the brain is an important source of neural progenitor cells and the differentiated neural progenitor cell has paramount potential for use in transplant therapies such as those used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the controlled conversion of human foetal progenitor cells derived from ventral mesencephalon into dopaminergic neurons is reported.