Prevalence, correlates and patterns of waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in southeast London: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Waterpipe smoking is growing worldwide, but little is known of its epidemiology in the UK due to its absence from national health surveys. We sought to address this by calculating the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in southeast London.

Methods: We conducted a pooled secondary analysis of routine health surveillance surveys among 11-17 year olds in convenience-sampled secondary schools from three ethnically-diverse areas of southeast London.

Sodium reduction during cardiopulmonary bypass: Plasma-Lyte 148 versus trial fluid as pump primes.

Objectives: We compared effects on plasma sodium concentrations plus calculated plasma tonicity of two "balanced" crystalloid solutions used as 2 L pump primes during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB): Plasma-Lyte 148 (sodium concentration, 140 mmol/L; potassium concentration, 5 mmol/L) versus a bicarbonate-balanced fluid (sodium concentration, 140 mmol/L; potassium concentration, 0 mmol/L).

Design, Setting And Participants: We analysed pooled data from two prospective interventional studies performed in university-affiliated hospitals, from 50 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.

Interventions: Participants were allocated equally to Plasma-Lyte 148 or bicarbonate-balanced fluid, with plasma electrolytes measured by direct ion selective electrodes immediately before bypass (pre-CPB), within 3 minutes of commencement (T2), and before bypass cessation (end-CPB).

Waterpipe tobacco and electronic cigarette use in a southeast London adult sample: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Waterpipe tobacco and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) share several features: rising popularity, use of product flavourings and concerns about marketing to youth. We sought to compare prevalence and predictors of waterpipe tobacco and e-cigarette use, and explore knowledge of waterpipe tobacco and support for interventions.

Methods: We used convenience sampling methods to conduct a cross-sectional survey among adults in the ethnically diverse southeast London area.

Preliminary analysis of perfusionists' strategies for managing routine and failure mode scenarios in cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a complex task requiring high levels of practitioner expertise. Although some education standards exist, few are based on an analysis of perfusionists' problem-solving needs. This study shows the efficacy of work domain analysis (WDA) as a framework for analyzing perfusionists' conceptualization and problem-solving strategies.