The Incidence and Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Jewish and Arab Populations of Israel.

Background: Temporal trends in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Arab and Jewish populations in Israel have been poorly described.

Objectives: To compare the annual incidence and prevalence rates of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Arab and Jewish populations in Israel between the years 2003 and 2008.

Methods: We applied a common case identification algorithm to the Clalit Health Services database to both determine trends in age-adjusted incidence and prevalence rates for IBD in both populations during this period and estimate the burden of IBD in Israel.

Randomised trial and open-label extension study of an anti-interleukin-6 antibody in Crohn's disease (ANDANTE I and II).

Objective: Neutralising pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) may effectively treat Crohn's disease (CD). Effects of PF-04236921, an anti-IL-6 antibody, in adults with CD are reported.

Design: Parallel-group, dose-ranging, double-blind trial with 4-week screening and 12-week treatment periods.

Infliximab-Related Infusion Reactions: Systematic Review.

Objective: Administration of infliximab is associated with a well-recognised risk of infusion reactions. Lack of a mechanism-based rationale for their prevention, and absence of adequate and well-controlled studies, has led to the use of diverse empirical administration protocols. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of the evidence behind the strategies for preventing infusion reactions to infliximab, and for controlling the reactions once they occur.

Levels of drug and antidrug antibodies are associated with outcome of interventions after loss of response to infliximab or adalimumab.

Background & Aims: There is controversy about whether levels of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and antidrug antibodies (ADAs) are accurate determinants of loss of response to therapy. We analyzed the association between trough levels of anti-TNF agents or ADAs and outcomes of interventions for patients with loss of response to infliximab or adalimumab.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of pediatric and adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease and suspected loss of response to anti-TNF agents treated at medical centers throughout Israel from October 2009 through February 2013.

Impaired sleep quality in Crohn's disease depends on disease activity.

Background: Little is known concerning the relationship of disease activity and sleep disturbances in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and specifically in patients with Crohn's disease.

Aim: This study examined the prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with active and inactive Crohn's disease compared with healthy controls.

Methods: Participants included 108 patients with Crohn's disease attending the IBD clinic of a tertiary medical center in 2009-2010 and 36 healthy volunteers.

The increasing prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases among Jewish adolescents and the sociodemographic factors associated with diagnosis.

Background: We investigated the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) among Jewish Israeli adolescents.

Methods: A total of 953,684 Jewish Israeli adolescents (57.8% men) who underwent a general health examination at mean age 17.

Maternal inflammatory bowel disease has short and long-term effects on the health of their offspring: a multicenter study in Israel.

Background: There are concerns about the effect of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) on fertility, pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, but no long-term data on the health of offspring born to IBD mothers. The aims were to assess the short- and long-term effects of maternal IBD on the morbidity and development of their offspring.

Methods: Female IBD patients and controls completed questionnaires on their pregnancy outcome, and their offspring's short- and long-term health and development.

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in an Israeli Arab population.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease among the 1.5 million Arab residents in Israel who represent 20% of the total population.

Methods: Family physicians in all Arab towns and villages were contacted to obtain information on patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease: risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome and the impact of maternal weight gain.

Objective: To identify risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to assess the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy weight and weight gain during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome.

Methods: A retrospective, matched control study of all gravid women with IBD treated in a single tertiary center. Data were compared with healthy controls matched to by age, parity and pre-pregnancy BMI in a 3:1 ratio.

Fecal immunochemical test and small bowel lesions detected on capsule endoscopy: results of a prospective study in patients with obscure occult gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is gaining popularity as a screening tool for colorectal cancer. The introduction of capsule endoscopy (CE) enables an assessment of the relationship between small bowel (SB) lesions and FIT results.

Aim: To determine whether SB lesions found by CE are associated with an increased rate of positive FIT.

Results of the 2nd part Scientific Workshop of the ECCO. II: Measures and markers of prediction to achieve, detect, and monitor intestinal healing in inflammatory bowel disease.

The healing of the intestine is becoming an important objective in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. It is associated with improved disease outcome. Therefore the assessment of this healing both in clinical studies and routine practice is a key issue.

Concurrent small bowel adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor in Crohn's disease--case report and literature review.

Adenocarcinomas of the large and small bowel, as well as intestinal carcinoid tumors have been reported at increased rates in Crohn's disease. We herein report a rare case of concurrent adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor of the small bowel presenting as intestinal obstruction and found incidentally at laparotomy in a 55 year old male with longstanding ileal Crohn's disease. We performed a Medline Pubmed search for cases of synchronous or composite adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor in the setting of Crohn's disease and identified four similar cases.

PET/CT enterography in Crohn disease: correlation of disease activity on CT enterography with 18F-FDG uptake.

Unlabelled: We combined (18)F-FDG PET and CT enterography in a single examination and compared the level of (18)F-FDG uptake measured by maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with the CT enterography patterns of disease activity found in patients with Crohn disease (CD).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients (mean age, 37.5 y; 11 male and 17 female) suspected of having active CD underwent PET/CT enterography.

Screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic people: a meta-analysis.

Objective: The preferred method for screening asymptomatic people for colorectal cancer (CRC) is colonoscopy, according to the new American guidelines. The aim of our study was to perform a meta-analysis of the prospective cohorts using total colonoscopy for screening this population for CRC. We looked for the diagnostic yield of the procedure as well as for its safety in a screening setting.

Assessment and validation of the new capsule endoscopy Crohn's disease activity index (CECDAI).

Background: Capsule endoscopy is a relatively new imaging tool for the detection of small bowel pathology. The assessment of the severity of Crohn's disease by capsule endoscopy is not standardized and is limited by interobserver variations in interpreting the findings.

Aim: To develop, assess and validate a new, simple capsule endoscopy Crohn's disease activity index (CECDAI) in order to grade the severity of small bowel capsule endoscopy findings.

Preparation for colonoscopy in hospitalized patients.

Successful colonoscopy depends on good preparation of the colon before the procedure. Inadequate preparation may lead to cancelled or repeat procedures and compromise patient safety, quality of care, and cost effectiveness. The primary aim of this study was to isolate factors that affect preparation success, especially in older, more severely ill, bedridden patients.

"Once is Enough" in Radiometric Calibrations.

The successful development of an Optical Technology Division quality system for optical radiation measurement services has provided the opportunity to reconsider the existing calibration procedures to improve quality and reduce costs. We have instituted procedures in our calibration programs to eliminate uninformative repetitive measurements by concentrating our efforts on controlling and understanding the measurement process. The first program in our calibration services to undergo these revisions is described in this paper.

The microwave spectrum of a two-top peptide mimetic: the N-acetyl alanine methyl ester molecule.

The rotational spectrum of N-acetyl alanine methyl ester, a derivative of the biomimetic, N-acetyl alanine N'-methyl amide or alanine dipeptide, has been measured using a mini Fourier transform spectrometer between 9 and 25 GHz as part of a project undertaken to determine the conformational structures of various peptide mimetics from the torsion-rotation parameters of low-barrier methyl tops. Torsion-rotation splittings from two of the three methyl tops capping the acetyl end of the -NH-C(=O)- and the methoxy end of -C(=O)-O- groups account for most of the observed lines. In addition to the AA state, two E states have been assigned and include an AE state having a torsional barrier of 396.

Magnetic-field-induced assemblies of cobalt nanoparticles.

Under the influence of a 0.05 T magnetic field, 15-nm diameter cobalt nanoparticles covered with surfactants in a colloidal solution assemble into highly constrained linear chains along the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetic-field-induced (MFI) chains become floppy after removal of the field, folding into three-dimensional (3D) coiled structures upon gentle agitation.

Outcome of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): comparison of two policies in a 4-year experience.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the technique of choice for long-term enteral nutrition. Though safe and technically simple, PEG has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Aim: We compared the outcome of strategies applied in two different periods; the original approach of PEG insertion during hospitalization (upon request), and PEG insertion 30 days after hospital discharge.

Dyspepsia symptoms and Helicobacter pylori infection, Nakuru, Kenya.

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was studied in 138 patients with dyspepsia in a hospital in Nakuru, Kenya, and in 138 asymptomatic sex- and age-matched controls from the same population. Anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin (Ig) G was more prevalent in dyspeptic than asymptomatic persons (71% vs.

13C-urea breath test to validate eradication of Helicobacter pylori in an Israeli population.

Background: The 13C-urea breath test is the best non-invasive test to validate Helicobacter pylori eradication. Serology is unreliable for this purpose due to the slow and unpredictable decline in the antibody titer.

Objectives: To characterize a specific group of patients who were treated for H.

Case-control study of screening colonoscopy in relatives of patients with colorectal cancer.

Objectives: The efficacy of colonoscopic screening and polypectomy for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) is well accepted but has never been documented in a prospective, controlled study. Screening by sigmoidoscopy has been found to reduce mortality from cancer of the rectum and distal colon. Case-control studies provide an alternative method for determining the efficacy of screening methods.