Video analysis of neonatal intubations using video laryngoscopy: a prospective comparison of clinical practice with resuscitation guidelines.

Background: The Neonatal Resuscitation Program recommends direct laryngoscopy (DL) as the primary method for neonatal intubation. Video laryngoscopy (VL) is suggested as an option, particularly for training novice operators or for intubating infants with difficult airways. The programme outlines specific steps for intubation, including managing the external environment and techniques for visualising key anatomical landmarks.

Selective or routine face mask application for breathing support of preterm infants at birth: a randomised trial.

Background: Most preterm infants breathe spontaneously at birth. Despite this, the majority have a face mask immediately applied for breathing support. Face mask application may inhibit spontaneous breathing in newborn infants.

Direct laryngoscopy versus indirect videolaryngoscopy for intubating newborn manikins: a randomised crossover study.

Gaining and maintaining proficiency at endotracheal intubation is challenging. Recent clinical trials suggest videolaryngoscopy is beneficial for teaching inexperienced clinicians to intubate newborn infants, but may take longer compared to standard laryngoscopy. Preferences for devices among clinicians are unclear.

Video versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Urgent Intubation of Newborn Infants.

Background: Repeated attempts at endotracheal intubation are associated with increased adverse events in neonates. When clinicians view the airway directly with a laryngoscope, fewer than half of first attempts are successful. The use of a video laryngoscope, which has a camera at the tip of the blade that displays a view of the airway on a screen, has been associated with a greater percentage of successful intubations on the first attempt than the use of direct laryngoscopy in adults and children.

Polyethylene bags before cord clamping in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Hypothermia on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with an increased risk of death in preterm infants. There are currently no evidence-based recommendations for thermal care before cord clamping (CC). We wished to determine whether placing very preterm infants in a polyethylene bag (PB) before CC, compared with after CC, results in more infants with a temperature in the normal range on NICU admission.

The history of neonatal intubation.

Interest in 'resurrecting' the lifeless by supporting breathing has been described since ancient times. For centuries, methods of resuscitating animals, then humans and specifically the 'lifeless' neonate were debated and discussed. Over time, with experimentation and worldwide collaboration, endotracheal tubes and laryngoscopes specific to the newborn were created and their use refined.

Assessment of the reliability and validity of imaging measurements for patellofemoral instability: an updated systematic review.

Objective: To provide an update on the reliability and validity of all radiological measures used to assess patients presenting with patellofemoral instability.

Methods: A search of the CINHAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases and the Cochrane library was conducted. All studies assessing the validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of radiological measures of the patellofemoral joints of patients with patellofemoral instability from 2010 onwards were considered for inclusion.

Patellar dislocation is associated with increased tibial but not femoral rotational asymmetry.

Purpose: Patellar dislocation is associated with a range of anatomical abnormalities affecting the trochlea, extensor mechanism and the tibia. The relationship between patellofemoral instability and rotational abnormalities of the posterior condyles, trochlear groove and proximal tibia has not been adequately determined. This study aimed to identify the frequency and severity of anatomical risk factors to determine their relative contribution to patellofemoral instability.

Weekly vs. 3-weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cetuximab (PCC) in recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer.

The combination of paclitaxel, carboplatin and cetuximab (PCC) is efficacious in patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The current study assessed the incidence of grade 3/4 (G3/4) toxicity for patients receiving weekly or 3-weekly PCC for R/M SCCHN. The present single-institution, retrospective analysis included 74 patients who received weekly [paclitaxel 45 mg/m and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC), 1.

Evaluation of Dosing Strategies of N-acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Toxicity in Patients Greater than 100 Kilograms: Should the Dosage Cap Be Used?

Introduction: Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic, with the potential to cause significant injury when ingested in toxic amounts. Although the antidote n-acetylcysteine (NAC) is available, evidence supporting dose recommendations for patients weighing over 100 kg are lacking. We performed a retrospective, multi-center analysis to determine if a capped NAC dosing scheme is similar to a non-capped dosing scheme in patients weighing over 100 kg.

Cardiovascular Disease in Women: From Pathophysiology to Novel and Emerging Risk Factors.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Australian women, as well as men, with clear disparities in treatment and outcomes between the sexes. Moreover, disease pathophysiology differs between the sexes, with women more likely to suffer from microvascular coronary disease, endothelial dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, as compared to men, who are more likely to experience macrovascular disease or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Evidence suggests that both traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors are often under-recognised and under-treated in women.

Contemporary Management of Electrical Storm.

Cardiac electrical storm (ES) is characterised by three or more discrete episodes of ventricular arrhythmia within 24hours, or incessant ventricular arrhythmia for more than 12hours. ES is a distinct medical emergency that portends a significant increase in mortality risk and often presages progressive heart failure. ES is also associated with psychological morbidity from multiple implanted cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks and exponential health resource utilisation.

Increased platelet reactivity as measured by plasma glycoprotein VI in gout.

Patients with gout have an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor is found exclusively on platelets and megakaryocytes, is proteolytically cleaved upon platelet activation, and detectable in plasma as soluble GPVI (sGPVI). Therefore, elevated sGPVI is a marker of platelet activation and a risk marker for cardiovascular events.

Averaging rotational landmarks during total knee arthroplasty reduces component malrotation caused by femoral asymmetry.

Background: Femoral component malrotation is a common cause of patient dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty. The sulcus line (SL) is more accurate than Whiteside's line as it corrects for variation in the coronal orientation of the groove. The hypothesis is that averaging the SL and posterior condylar axis (PCA) will reduce femoral malrotation.

The Prolonged Neonatal Admission: Implications for our National Children's Hospital.

A significant number of neonates are admitted to tertiary paediatric units for prolonged stays annually, despite limited availability of neonatal beds. As the three Dublin paediatric hospitals merge, this pressure will be transferred to our new National Children's Hospital. We analysed epidemiological trends in prolonged neonatal admissions to the 14-bed neonatal unit in The Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin.

Accuracy of patient-specific instrumentation in anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Purpose: Glenoid component malposition is associated with poor function and early failure of both anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Glenoid positioning is challenging particularly in the setting of bone loss or deformity. Recently, the use of computer assistance has been shown to reduce implantation error.

Late cardiac effects of chemotherapy in breast cancer survivors treated with adjuvant doxorubicin: 10-year follow-up.

Doxorubicin (Dox), a mainstay of adjuvant breast cancer treatment, is associated with cardiac toxicity in the form of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), LV diastolic dysfunction, or LV systolic dysfunction. Study objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of LVD in long-term breast cancer survivors treated with Dox and determine if brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) may help identify patients at risk for LVD. Patients who participated in prospective clinical trials of adjuvant Dox-based chemotherapy for breast cancer with a baseline left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction evaluation from 1999 to 2006 were retrospectively identified from the St Vincent's University Hospital database.

Investigations on the efficacy of routinely used phenotypic methods compared to genotypic approaches for the identification of staphylococcal species isolated from companion animals in Irish veterinary hospitals.

Background: Identification of Staphylococci to species level in veterinary microbiology is important to inform therapeutic intervention and management. We report on the efficacy of three routinely used commercial phenotypic methods for staphylococcal species identification, namely API Staph 32 (bioMérieux), RapID (Remel) and Staph-Zym (Rosco Diagnostica) compared to genotyping as a reference method to identify 52 staphylococcal clinical isolates (23 coagulase positive; 29 coagulase negative) from companion animals in Irish veterinary hospitals.

Results: Genotyping of a 412 bp fragment of the staphylococcal tuf gene and coagulase testing were carried out on all 52 veterinary samples along with 7 reference strains.

Physiologic changes and dermatoses of pregnancy.

Like all organ systems, the skin undergoes significant changes during pregnancy. The majority of physiologic skin conditions related to gestation resolve after childbirth. However, they may cause significant concern or cosmetic distress or be mistaken for one of the specific dermatoses of pregnancy.

Clinical variables and primary tumor characteristics predictive of the development of melanoma brain metastases and post-brain metastases survival.

Background: Melanoma patients who develop brain metastases (B-Met) have limited survival and are excluded from most clinical trials. In the current study, the authors attempted to identify primary tumor characteristics and clinical features predictive of B-Met development and post-B-Met survival.

Methods: A prospectively accrued cohort of 900 melanoma patients was studied to identify clinicopathologic features of primary melanoma (eg, thickness, ulceration, mitotic index, and lymphovascular invasion) that are predictive of B-Met development and survival after a diagnosis of B-Met.