Diagnosis, Classifications and Treatment of Os Odontoideum: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations.

Study Design: A systematic literature review and consensus using Delphi method.

Objective: The aim was to formulate consensus recommendations regarding the natural history, diagnosis, classification and optimal treatment of Os Odontoideum with global applicability.

Summary Of Background: Os odontoideum (OO) is a rare anomaly of the cranio-vertebral junction (CVJ).

Insights into the Medial Pectoral Nerve Transfer for Shoulder Abduction in Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis.

Background: Treatment priority in C5, C6, and C7 brachial plexus root avulsion is the recovery of shoulder function through reinnervation of shoulder muscles. The medial pectoral nerve is a potential donor for axillary nerve transfer, but outcomes are sparsely reported. This study reports the results of medial pectoral nerve transfer to the axillary nerve.

Retrospective Study of 57 Patients Submitted to Dorsal Root Entry Zone Lesioning by Radiofrequency for Brachial Plexus Avulsion Pain.

Background: Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning may be used to treat neuropathic pain in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries. The clinical outcome after surgery is variable in the medical literature. We aimed to report the surgical outcome after DREZ lesioning by radiofrequency and to analyze prognostic factors such as the presence of a spinal cord injury identified before surgery.

Spinal hydatid cyst as cause of neurological injury in a patient from Brazilian amazon region.

infection is the primary cause of spinal hydatidosis. We describe the case of a 22-year-old man from the Brazilian Amazon region with crural spastic paraparesis and back pain. Radiological examinations showed multilocular lesions involving compression of the thoracic spine and rib injury.

Intercostal to musculocutaneous nerve transfer in patients with complete traumatic brachial plexus injuries: case series.

Background: To recover biceps strength in patients with complete brachial plexus injuries, the intercostal nerve can be transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve. The surgical results are very controversial, and most of the studies with good outcomes and large samples were carried out in Asiatic countries. The objective of the study was to evaluate biceps strength after intercostal nerve transfer in patients undergoing this procedure in a Western country hospital.

Results of Phrenic Nerve Transfer to the Musculocutaneous Nerve Using Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy in Patients with Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury: Series of 28 Cases.

Background: The phrenic nerve can be transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve using video-assisted thoracoscopy, aiming at the recovery of elbow flexion in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries. There are few scientific papers in the literature that evaluate the results of this operative technique.

Objective: To evaluate biceps strength and pulmonary function after the transfer of the phrenic nerve to the musculocutaneous nerve using video-assisted thoracoscopy.

Outcome following phrenic nerve transfer to musculocutaneous nerve in patients with traumatic brachial palsy: a qualitative systematic review.

Background: The phrenic nerve can be transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve in patients with traumatic brachial plexus palsy in order to recover biceps strength, but the results are controversial. There is also a concern about pulmonary function after phrenic nerve transection. In this paper, we performed a qualitative systematic review, evaluating outcomes after this procedure.

Oberlin's procedure in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy.

Purpose: Most cases of obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) involve C5 and C6 nerve roots (Erb's palsy). In those cases, re-establishing the elbow flexion is the primary goal of surgery. The partial transfer of the ulnar nerve to the musculocutaneous nerve (Oberlin's procedure) is widely used in adults, but incipient in children.

Mortality is higher in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis in spinal cord tumors.

Unlabelled: Spinal cord tumors are a rare neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS). The occurrence of metastases is related to poor prognosis. The authors analyzed one series of metastasis cases and their associated mortality.

Intramedullary tumors in children: analysis of 24 operated cases.

Unlabelled: Intramedullary tumors are rare. The authors reviewed 24 cases operated between 1996 and 2006. The study assessed the clinical characteristics and surgical results based upon the neurological function.

Cholinesterase studies with (R) (+)- and (S)(-)-5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)carbamate.

A limited number of carbamates have been found useful for treatment of cholinergic symptoms with pyridostigmine and physostigmine being the main focus. In recent years 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N,N-dimethylcarbamate (I) has received considerable attention in the Chinese literature for a similar role. We report on the first synthesis of stereoisomers of an analog of (I).

Anticholinesterase activity of potential therapeutic 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl) carbamates.

Six N-alkyl and N-aryl 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl) carbamates were synthesized and studied for their structure-activity relationships in inhibiting eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The carbamates were 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N,N-dimethylcarbamate (Cui Xing Ning) (I), 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N,N-diethylcarbamate (IV), 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N-ethylcarbamate (III), 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N,N-diethylcarbamate (IV), 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N-heptylcarbamate (V), and 5-(1,3,3-trimethylindolinyl)N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamate (VI). The inhibition studies were carried out at 25.

Intramuscular administration of atropine in the rat: jet spray versus conventional needle injection.

The characteristics of atropine plasma levels after jet spray injection were compared to those after conventional needle injection (i.m.) in 12 male rats, six per group.

pH effects in the spontaneous reactivation of phosphinylated acetylcholinesterase.

Previous studies on the spontaneous reactivation of phosphorylated and phosphonylated cholinesterases report bell-shaped curves with reaction rate maxima between pH values of 7 and 9. By way of contrast, we found reactivation rate minima in the same pH region for a phosphinylated bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and three phosphinylated eel acetylcholinesterases. To further elucidate these observations, eel acetylcholinesterase was inhibited with racemic 4-nitrophenyl ethyl(phenyl)phosphinate.

Development and application of a radioimmunoassay for physostigmine.

Antiphysostigmine antibodies were produced in rabbits using a physostigmine analog, 1,3-dimethyl-3-[2- [N-methyl-N-(7-carboxyheptanoyl)] aminoethyl]-5-(N-methyl-carbamoyloxy)-2,3-dihydroindole hydrochloride, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These antibodies were used to develop a radioimmunoassay ranging from 0.2 to 15.

A radioimmunoassay for pyridostigmine.

Antipyridostigmine antibodies were produced in rabbits using a pyridostigmine analog conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These antibodies were used for development of a radioimmunoassay that has a linear standard curve (r2 = 0.986) ranging from 0.