A role for ColV plasmids in the evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli ST58.

Escherichia coli ST58 has recently emerged as a globally disseminated uropathogen that often progresses to sepsis. Unlike most pandemic extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), which belong to pathogenic phylogroup B2, ST58 belongs to the environmental/commensal phylogroup B1.

Association of farm-related factors with characteristics profiles of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- / plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms.

Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, is of major concern for animal and human health. In this study, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) / plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamase -producing Escherichia coli isolates from German livestock farms were characterised and associations of these isolate characteristics with farm-related factors were investigated across different types of livestock. A total of 469 isolates originating from 150 farms (34 broiler farms, 38 fattening pig farms, 43 dairy cattle farms, 35 beef cattle farms) was included in the analyses.

Development and evaluation of a broth macrodilution method to determine the biocide susceptibility of bacteria.

In comparison to biocide efficacy testing, biocide susceptibility testing of bacteria so far lacks standardized methods for routine use. The aims of the present study were to develop a broth macrodilution method to test bacterial pathogens for their biocide susceptibility and to evaluate this method in an interlaboratory trial. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 was tested for its susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and isopropanol comparing test strain suspension preparations, test volumes and incubation times.

Antimicrobial Resistance in of Veterinary Origin.

Members of the highly heterogeneous family cause a wide variety of diseases in humans and animals. Antimicrobial agents are the most powerful tools to control such infections. However, the acquisition of resistance genes, as well as the development of resistance-mediating mutations, significantly reduces the efficacy of the antimicrobial agents.

Identification of novel variants of the colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in Aeromonas spp. from the national resistance monitoring programme GERM-Vet and from diagnostic submissions.

Objectives: To investigate Aeromonas spp. isolates for the presence of the novel resistance gene mcr-3 or variants thereof and to characterize the positive isolates by whole genome sequence analysis.

Methods: A total of 479 unrelated Aeromonas isolates were investigated by PCR for the genes mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3.

Analysis of blaSHV-12-carrying Escherichia coli clones and plasmids from human, animal and food sources.

Objectives: This study aimed at characterizing 23 Escherichia coli isolates from various sources and their respective bla SHV-12 -carrying plasmids and sequencing one of these plasmids completely.

Methods: Isolates were typed by XbaI-PFGE, MLST and PCR-based phylotyping. Transformed bla SHV-12 -carrying plasmids were examined by replicon typing, S1-nuclease, conjugation, EcoRI-HindIII-BamHI digests and plasmid MLST.

Detection and Genetic Environment of Pleuromutilin-Lincosamide-Streptogramin A Resistance Genes in Staphylococci Isolated from Pets.

Increasing emergence of staphylococci resistant to pleuromutilins, lincosamides, and streptogramin A (PLS) and isolated from humans and pets is a growing public health concern worldwide. Currently, there was only one published study regarding one of the PLS genes, (A) detected in staphylococci isolated from cat. In this study, eleven pleuromutilin-resistant staphylococci from pets and two from their owners were isolated and further characterized for their antimicrobial susceptibilities, plasmid profiles, genotypes, and genetic context of the PLS resistance genes.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected from diseased food-producing animals in the GERM-Vet monitoring program 2008-2014.

The aim of this study was to identify extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli collected from diseased food-producing animals in Germany. A total of 6849 E. coli isolates, collected from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry in the German national monitoring program GERM-Vet (2008-2014), were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screened for the ESBL phenotype.

Detection of plasmid-borne extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli isolates from bovine mastitis.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates have been increasingly reported during recent years. The aims of this study were to characterize ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from bovine mastitis as well as their ESBL gene-carrying plasmids. A culture collection of E.

Diversity of class 1 and 2 integrons detected in Escherichia coli isolates from diseased and apparently healthy dogs.

Escherichia coli is one of the major pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pyometra in dogs. The aims of this study were to investigate canine E. coli isolates for the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons by PCR/sequencing and to characterize these isolates and their integron-carrying plasmids.

Circulation of clonal populations of fluoroquinolone-resistant CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli ST410 in humans and animals in Germany.

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli encoding CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are isolated in increasing numbers from humans, companion animals and livestock, raising concern regarding the exchange and spread of isolates in these populations. In this study, whole-genome sequencing of CTX-M-15-producing E. coli isolates recently sampled from humans, companion animals, livestock and farm environments was performed.

Detection and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from chicken production chains in Nigeria.

A total of 405 Escherichia coli from the chicken production chains in Nigeria were investigated for ESBL-production and 4 isolates were identified as ESBL producers. They were characterized by XbaI-PFGE, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), phylotyping, sequencing of porin and regulatory genes and of the regulatory region of chromosomal ampC genes. Transformed ESBL gene-carrying plasmids were characterized by S1-nuclease, replicon typing, conjugation, digestion and PCRs for detection of the genetic environment of ESBL genes.

Antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integron-associated gene cassettes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from pigs at slaughter and abattoir environment.

Forty-five multi-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar (S.) Typhimurium isolates obtained at five pig abattoirs in Southern Brazil were characterized.

[Antimicrobial resistance, ESBL and MRSA--definitions and laboratory diagnostics].

In the light of frequent discussions about the correct performance of in vitro susceptibility testing and the interpretation of the results obtained, the aim of the present report is to summarize basic facts that may facilitate the understanding of this complex topic. For this, the terms "antimicrobial resistance", "ESBL", and "MRSA" are defined. Besides the statements on antimicrobial resistance, information on intrinsic and acquired resistance properties as well as basic rules for the correct performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in routine diagnostics are presented.

Emerging issues in antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from food-producing animals.

During the last decade, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food-producing animals has become a major research topic. In this review, different emerging resistance properties related to bacteria of food-producing animals are highlighted. These include: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; carbapenemase-producing bacteria; bovine respiratory tract pathogens, such as Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica, which harbor the multiresistance mediating integrative and conjugative element ICEPmu1; Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that carry the multiresistance gene cfr; and the occurrence of numerous novel antimicrobial resistance genes in livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Analysis and comparative genomics of ICEMh1, a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE) of Mannheimia haemolytica.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify and analyse the first integrative and conjugative element (ICE) from Mannheimia haemolytica, the major bacterial component of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex.

Methods: The novel ICEMh1 was discovered in the whole-genome sequence of M. haemolytica 42548 by sequence analysis and comparative genomics.

Subgrouping of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from animal and human sources: an approach to quantify the distribution of ESBL types between different reservoirs.

Escherichia (E.) coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are an increasing problem for public health. The success of ESBLs may be due to spread of ESBL-producing bacterial clones, transfer of ESBL gene-carrying plasmids or exchange of ESBL encoding genes on mobile elements.

Identification and characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Derby isolates carrying a new aadA26 gene cassette in a class 1 integron obtained at pig slaughterhouses.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S.) serovar Derby is one of the most prevalent serovars in pigs.

Pheno- and genotypic analysis of antimicrobial resistance properties of Yersinia ruckeri from fish.

Enteric red-mouth disease, caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is an important disease in rainbow trout aquaculture. Antimicrobial agents are frequently used in aquaculture, thereby causing a selective pressure on bacteria from aquatic organisms under which they may develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this study, the distribution of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents for 83 clinical and non-clinical epidemiologically unrelated Y.

Biochemical and molecular heterogeneity among isolates of Yersinia ruckeri from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in North West Germany.

Background: Enteric Redmouth Disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is one of the most important infectious diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture in Europe. More recently, non-motile vaccine resistant isolates appear to have evolved and are causing disease problems throughout Europe, including Germany. The aim of this study was to analyse the variation of biochemical and molecular characteristics of Y.

ICEPmu1, an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of Pasteurella multocida: structure and transfer.

Background: Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) have not been detected in Pasteurella multocida. In this study the multiresistance ICEPmu1 from bovine P. multocida was analysed for its core genes and its ability to conjugatively transfer into strains of the same and different genera.

ICEPmu1, an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of Pasteurella multocida: analysis of the regions that comprise 12 antimicrobial resistance genes.

Background: In recent years, multiresistant Pasteurella multocida isolates from bovine respiratory tract infections have been identified. These isolates have exhibited resistance to most classes of antimicrobial agents commonly used in veterinary medicine, the genetic basis of which, however, is largely unknown.

Methods: Genomic DNA of a representative P.

Molecular basis of sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance in fish-pathogenic Aeromonas isolates.

Sulfonamide-trimethoprim-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida and motile Aeromonas spp. from diseased fish of the GERM-Vet study carried the sul1 gene together with mostly cassette-borne trimethoprim resistance genes, including the novel gene dfrA28. The seven dfrA and dfrB genes identified were located mostly in class 1 integrons which commonly harbored other gene cassettes.