Vitrectomy versus scleral buckle for retinal detachment without posterior vitreous detachment.

To compare the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy in treating retinal detachment without posterior vitreous detachment. A total of 88 eyes of 83 patients with retinal detachment without prior posterior vitreous detachment were investigated retrospectively. Group A comprised patients who underwent scleral buckling (n = 47) and Group B (n = 36) patients who were treated with pars plana vitrectomy.

Analysing early changes of photoreceptor layer thickness following surgery in eyes with epiretinal membranes.

Background/objectives: To analyse short-term changes of mean photoreceptor thickness (PRT) on the ETDRS-grid after vitrectomy and membrane peeling in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Subjects/methods: Forty-eight patients with idiopathic ERM were included in this prospective study. Study examinations comprised best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) before surgery, 1 week (W1), 1 month (M1) and 3 months (M3) after surgery.

Autistic adults' perspectives on appropriate empathic responses to others' emotions.

Although the ability of autistic adults to recognize others' emotions has been extensively studied, less attention has been given to how they respond to these emotions. We examined two aspects of autistic and non-autistic adults' responsiveness to the emotional expressions of non-autistic actors: their perspectives on the appropriate way of responding to others' emotions and their awareness of others' perceptions of the likely appropriateness of such responses. Autistic (N = 63) and non-autistic (N = 67) adult samples viewed videos of 74 dyadic social interactions displaying different examples of 12 emotions expressed by one actor in response to the behavior of the other.

Cardiometabolic Care: Assessing Patients with Diabetes Mellitus with No Overt Cardiovascular Disease in the Light of Heart Failure Development Risk.

The mechanisms leading to the development of heart failure (HF) in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are multifactorial. Assessing the risk of HF development in patients with DM is valuable not only for the identification of a high-risk subgroup, but also equally important for defining low-risk subpopulations. Nowadays, DM and HF have been recognized as sharing similar metabolic pathways.

Effect of Changes in Surgical Strategies for the Treatment of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment on Functional and Anatomical Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis of 812 Cases from the Years 2004 to 2012.

Background: At the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry at the MUV surgical method (scleral buckling, vitrectomy, combined vitrectomy/scleral buckling) and timing (daytime, nighttime) for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) changed continuously in the years 2004 to 2012. This study aims to evaluate changes in surgical strategies over time including their impact on functional and anatomical outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients operated on primary RRD between the years 2004 and 2012.

Ketone bodies and the heart.

Ketone bodies are low chain organic substances with four carbon atoms, with β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone being the main ketone bodies in blood circulation. Under physiological conditions their levels are low while during conditions of oxidative stress, such as exercise, fasting state and acute illness, ketone body levels are increased. Recent findings have shown that in patients with heart failure their plasma concentration is increased.

Facing up to others' emotions: No evidence of autism-related deficits in metacognitive awareness of emotion recognition.

Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals and awareness of such difficulties may be critical for the identification and pursuit of strategies that will mitigate their adverse effects. We examined metacognitive awareness of face emotion recognition responses in autistic (N = 63) and non-autistic (N = 67) adults across (a) static, dynamic and social face emotion stimuli, (b) free- and forced-report response formats, and (c) four different sets of the six "basic" and six "complex" emotions. Within-individual relationships between recognition accuracy and post-recognition confidence provided no indication that autistic individuals were poorer at discriminating correct from incorrect recognition responses than non-autistic individuals, although both groups exhibited marked inter-individual variability.

Evaluation of neuroretinal integrity in optical coherence tomography-graded eyes with partial-thickness macular holes.

Purpose: To evaluate neuroretinal integrity in different subtypes of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-graded partial-thickness macular holes.

Methods: Fovea-centred SD-OCT images (Cirrus, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG; Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH) and visual acuity (VA) acquired at every visit were analysed by two retina specialists retrospectively in 71 eyes of 65 patients. Partial-thickness macular holes were classified as lamellar macular hole (LMH), epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (ERMF) or macular pseudohole (MPH).

Speed and accuracy of emotion recognition in autistic adults: The role of stimulus type, response format, and emotion.

Emotion recognition difficulties are considered to contribute to social-communicative problems for autistic individuals. Prior research has been dominated by a focus on forced-choice recognition response accuracy for static face presentations of basic emotions, often involving small samples. Using free-report and multiple-choice response formats, we compared emotion recognition in IQ-matched autistic (N = 63) and nonautistic (N = 67) adult samples using 12 face emotion stimuli presented in three different stimulus formats (static, dynamic, social) that varied the degree of accompanying contextual information.

The Postoperative Course of Choroidal and Central Retinal Thickness in Epiretinal Membranes with Respect to Membrane Severity.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between choroidal thickness (CT), central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgery for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM).

Methods: Patients with 4 severity stages of iERM, who underwent vitrectomy with membrane- and internal limiting membrane peeling, were included in this prospective study. CRT, CT, and BCVA were assessed at baseline (BSL), 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively.

The influence of retinal oxygen saturation and choroidal volume on postoperative outcomes in patients with epiretinal membrane.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of vitrectomy (Vy) with or without same time cataract surgery and membrane plus internal limiting membrane peeling (MP+ILMP) on retinal oxygenation and choroidal volume and their role on postoperative outcome.

Methods: Thirty-two eyes were included in this prospective clinical study. All patients received 23 gauge Vy+MP+ILMP without endotamponade.

Aqueous misdirection syndrome following ab interno gelatin stent can be managed successfully with anterior vitrectomy approach.

Introduction: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) is a relatively new surgical technique available to glaucoma surgeons. The ab interno gelatin XEN stent (XEN®45, Allergan Inc., CA, USA) drains aqueous into the subconjunctival space and is theoretically less invasive than trabeculectomy and therefore carries less risk.

Incidence and surgical care of retinal detachment during the first SARS-CoV-2 lockdown period at a tertiary referral center in Austria.

Purpose: To assess the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown in spring on frequency, severity and quality of care of rhegmatogeneous retinal detachments (RRD) in a tertiary referral center in Vienna, Austria.

Methods: Single center, consecutive case series with historical controls. Patients presenting with primary RRD during the first Austrian SARS-CoV-2 lockdown (March 16th-May 3rd 2020) and a corresponding control group consisting of the same time period of the preceding 3 years.

Comparison of safety and effectiveness between 23-gauge and 25-gauge vitrectomy surgery in common vitreoretinal diseases.

Purpose: To assess and compare safety and effectiveness between 23-gauge and 25-gauge vitrectomy systems for the treatment of common vitreoretinal diseases in non-vitrectomized eyes.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy from April 2018 to December 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry at the Medical University of Vienna (MUV) for the following indications: macular epiretinal membrane, macular hole, macular lamellar hole, vitreous hemorrhage, vitreous opacities, vitreomacular traction syndrome and macular edema.

Results: 201 eyes of 195 patients that underwent 23-gauge (n = 105 eyes) or 25-gauge (n = 96 eyes) vitrectomy were included in this study.

Intraretinal microvascular changes after ERM and ILM peeling using SSOCTA.

Background: To prospectively investigate retinal vascular changes in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SSOCTA).

Methods: Consecutive patients were grouped based on ERM severity and followed using SSOCTA up to month 3 after surgical intervention. Superficial and deep foveal avascular zone (s/dFAZ) as well as foveal and parafoveal vessel density (VD) were correlated with ERM severity and visual acuity.

POSTOPERATIVE MOVEMENT OF THE FOVEA AFTER SUCCESSFUL SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES.

Purpose: To evaluate the change in the fovea's postoperative location after successful pars plana vitrectomy with combined epiretinal and internal limiting membrane peeling in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs).

Methods: In this prospective study 32 eyes of 32 patients with iERMs were followed from baseline before until 3 months after surgery. Study measures included 4-m Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected visual acuity, enhanced-depth imaging-optical coherence tomography, and intraoperative fundus photographs.

Clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of pediatric and early adulthood retinal detachment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the underlying pathologies, demographic and retinal detachment characteristics in pediatric and early adulthood retinal detachment.

Methods: Patients with rhegmatogenous, serous, or tractional retinal detachment aged 0-26 years were retrospectively reviewed. The preschool group (n = 4) comprised children aged 0-6 years, the pediatric group (n = 19) comprised children aged 7-16 years, and the early adulthood group (n = 13) aged 17-26 years.

Outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with two iStent inject trabecular microbypass stents with or without endocyclophotocoagulation.

Aim: Comparing outcomes after combined phacoemulsification, two iStents insertion and endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) versus phacoemulsification-iStents alone.

Methods: This is a longitudinal retrospective 12 months study in eyes with ocular hypertension or early-to-moderate open angle glaucoma. Level of disease, intraocular pressure (IOP) and tolerance of glaucoma medication were considered before planning surgery.

Are There Funduscopic and Optical Coherence Tomography Preoperative Characteristics to Predict Surgical Difficulty of Epiretinal Membrane Removal?

Purpose: To identify the correlation between preoperative funduscopic and optical coherence tomography characteristics of epiretinal membranes and the difficulty of surgical removal.

Methods: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and ERM peeling were included. Surgical videos were analyzed and the difficulty of ERM removal (easy or difficult) determined subjectively by an independent surgeon.

Morphologic and Functional Assessment of Photoreceptors After Macula-Off Retinal Detachment With Adaptive-Optics OCT and Microperimetry.

Purpose: Limited information is available on morphologic and functional regeneration of photoreceptors after retinal detachment (RD) surgery. This observational clinical study compared morphologic and functional changes of cones after vitrectomy for macula-off retinal detachment.

Design: Prospective, fellow-eye comparative case series.

Silicone Oil Tamponade in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: Functional and Morphological Results.

: To evaluate the functional and morphological outcomes of patients with SO tamponade due to primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (primRD) and recurrent rhegmatogenous detachment (recRD).: Seventy-five eyes were enrolled in this prospective study between January 2009 and December 2016. Patients with primRD and recRD were evaluated in a complete ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT before and after silicone oil removal (SOR).

Extension of peripheral nonperfusion in eyes with retinal vein occlusion during intravitreal dexamethasone treatment.

Background: To evaluate the change in peripheral perfusion status in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) during dexamethasone treatment.

Methods: Thirty-five eyes of patients with macular oedema due to either branch or central retinal vein occlusion were included. At baseline, patients were treated with an intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex ) and followed until month 6.

Development of Surgical Management in Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Treatment from 2009 to 2015.

Purpose: To evaluate the evolution of surgical methods over a 7-year period in patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and its relation to functional outcome and intra- and postoperative complications.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 628 patients with primary RRD who underwent surgical repair between January 2009 and December 2015. The main outcome measures were the type of surgical procedure ((scleral buckle (SB), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), combination of SB and PPV or cryocoagulation (CC)) and intraocular tamponades.

Natural course of posterior subcapsular cataract over a short time period.

Unlabelled: Purpose/aim of the study: To observe and analyze the weekly changes in morphology and size of vacuoles, so called Wedl cells, in eyes with posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients with pronounced PSC were included in this prospective study. High-resolution retroillumination images were taken, and the changes in size and shape of Wedl cells were analyzed at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks later using dedicated imaging software.