International Medical Graduates in Otolaryngology Education: The Overlooked Path to Diversity and Inclusivity.

"International Medical Graduates" (IMGs) make up a large percentage of "underrepresented in medicine" physicians and comprise 25% of the US physician workforce. The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, in its "Statement on Diversity," has expressed its enduring commitment to inclusion and diversity in all its forms. However, unlike various other specialties, a discussion about integration of IMGs in Otolaryngology has not been raised in our community.

Medial Canthal Reconstruction - Scar Restricting Vision in Only Seeing Eye of a 75-year-old Female.

Scarring is a common post-injury outcome that can precipitate functional impairment. We present the case of a 75-year-old female who presented with diminished upper eyelid excursion in her right (only seeing) eye due to scarring associated with a facial laceration. She had a history of right eye corneal transplantation and necessitated urgent excision of the scar to release upper eyelid motion.

Diagnosis and Management of Common Presentations of Posttraumatic Nasal Deformity: A Narrative Review.

Unlabelled: Posttraumatic nasal deformity (PTND) is a surgical challenge for the otolaryngologist and plastic surgeon. Various classifications and management algorithms have been proposed without reaching much consensus in terms of definition and management.

Methods: We present a narrative review aimed to define PTND and consolidate current knowledge regarding its diagnosis, subtypes, and treatment options.

Benign osteonecrosis of the external ear canal: case series.

Benign osteonecrosis of the external ear canal is a rare pathology that commonly gets misdiagnosed as cholesteatoma of the external ear canal, keratosis obturans and malignant otitis externa. Each pathology has characteristics that allow for differentiation between them. Careful analysis is required to diagnose properly and determine the best modality of management.

Techniques to Enhance Survival of Auricular Composite Graft in Reconstruction of Skin Defects of the Nasal Ala and Nasal Sidewall: A Case Report.

The auricular composite graft consists of a free tissue graft containing part of the auricular cartilage attached to its overlying skin. The survival of the auricular composite graft depends primarily on its size, and a graft diameter of 1- 2 cm has been previously reported as the critical cut-off size. The auricular composite graft is a reliable option for the reconstruction of skin defects of the nasal sidewall and the nasal ala, and its survival rates can be enhanced with the utilization of specific surgical techniques.

Idiopathic parotid pain: a rare clinical presentation of first bite syndrome without history of head and neck surgery or underlying malignancies.

First bite syndrome (FBS) has been previously characterised as a surgical complication, following head and neck surgical procedures. There are also rare reports in the literature associating FBS with malignancies of the head and neck. The term 'idiopathic parotid pain' (IPP) has been used recently to describe an exceedingly rare clinical presentation similar to FBS, but without history of head and neck surgery or malignancy.

Management of Extruded Porous High-density Polyethylene Implant in the Internal Nasal Valve.

Porous high-density polyethylene (PHDPE) has been used since the 1990s as an alternative to autologous grafts. Implant extrusion is a rare but well-known complication of PHDPE and other alloplastic implants. This article discusses the case of PHDPE implant extrusion in a 69-year-old man with unsuccessful previous alar batten graft placement for internal nasal valve insufficiency.

Functional Considerations in Reconstruction of the Nasal Ala.

We present the case of a 33-year-old female referred with a 13x10 mm surgical defect immediately after Mohs micrographic surgery for excision of basal cell carcinoma. Functional considerations for the external nasal valve were accounted for using free alar rim cartilage graft, soft tissue tunnels, and pre-auricular full-thickness skin grafts. Our post-operative experience demonstrates excellent nasal valve integrity and acceptable aesthetic outcomes for the patient by providing structural support for the nasal ala.

External jugular vein aneurysm presenting as submandibular neck mass.

External jugular vein aneurysms presenting as neck masses is very rare in the literature. This case report presents an 80-year-old female, who was referred to the office due to an incidental finding of a left submandibular neck mass. The patient presented to her primary care physician initially complaining of bilateral intermittent ear pain that was present for several years.

A case of an air gun bullet paranasal sinuses injury in an 11-year-old male.

Non-powder firearms, such as BB guns, are considered safer than traditional firearms and are often marketed toward younger demographics as children's toys. Recent advances in compressed-gas technology have drastically increased the firing power of these types of firearms, which has caused them to be more dangerous and capable of causing severe injury. We report the case of an 11-year-old male admitted for nasal injury caused by a BB gun pellet.

Practicing functional nasal surgery in the non-urban setting: experience from a single center.

Nasal airway obstruction is a prevalent chief complaint in the contemporary facial plastic surgery practice. Studies report an asymmetric distribution of plastic surgeons across the United States with a disproportionately high concentration of surgeons practicing in urban areas. The lack of elective specialist care creates unique challenges for these patients who may need to travel and dedicate time to reach a nasal surgery expert.

Trichofolliculoma of the external auditory canal: a case report and review of the literature.

Trichofolliculoma is a rare tumor that arises from immature hair follicular tissue. In this report, we present the case of a 51-year-old man with a trichofolliculoma in the left external auditory canal. Uniquely, there was no prior trauma in this patient, despite previous trauma being hypothesized in the etiology of this tumor.

Saddle nose deformity: a rare complication of COVID-19 infection.

Introduction: Although the effects of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in olfaction have been well established, there is relative paucity of information on possible other complications of COVID-19 in the nasal cavities and nasal function.

Case Report: We report the unique case of a young female patient, with a remote history of septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery who developed severe nasal airway obstruction (NAO) and saddle nose deformity two to three weeks after her recovery from COVID-19.

Conclusion: This case report illustrates a late septoplasty complication that may be associated with COVID-19.

Clinical Outcomes in Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Meta-Analysis.

Dorsal preservation rhinoplasty (PR-D) attempts to preserve as much of the native nasal anatomy as possible when performing a hump reduction, but clinical outcomes are unclear. In patients undergoing PR-D rhinoplasty, this article investigates the rates of complications and revisions. This meta-analysis was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database.

Recurrent, oral cavity tumor-like exophytic lesions mimicking neoplastic disease in a patient with history of human papillomavirus-mediated squamous cell carcinoma.

Reactive hyperplasia is a phenomenon responsible for exophytic lesions in the oral cavity, and may appear to be suspicious, especially in patients who have a significant history of malignancy. Here, we present a case of reactive hyperplasia mimicking recurrence in a patient who was previously treated for tonsillar carcinoma. Physicians who commonly see patients with oral lesions, particularly oral surgeons and otolaryngologists, should be cognizant of the unusual presentation of these lesions as they may mimic the physical characteristics of recurrence.

Massive transcranial parotid pleomorphic adenoma: recurrence after 30 years.

Pleomorphic adenoma, also known as benign mixed tumor, is the most common tumor affecting the parotid gland and can reach massive size; however, intracranial invasion is rare. Recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma after excision is a well-known phenomenon and can present decades after resection of the primary tumor. Here we present the case of a 53-year-old man who presented to our clinic with ear fullness, otalgia, and hearing loss 30 years after undergoing total parotidectomy and external beam radiotherapy for pleomorphic adenoma.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: case series and literature review.

Objectives: To present our experience with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) seeding of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) sites and to review all reported cases to identify risk factors and develop strategies for complication avoidance.

Materials And Methods: The records of 4 patients with PEG site metastasis from HNSCC were identified from the authors' institution. Thirty-eight further cases were reviewed following a PubMed search and evaluation of references in pertinent articles.

Etiology of unilateral hearing loss in a national hereditary deafness repository.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic, audiologic, and epidemiologic characteristics of unilateral hearing loss (HL) in a national hereditary deafness repository.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective clinical study involving 34 subjects identified in a national hereditary deafness repository. Clinical data and family history of HL were obtained on enrollment.

Adhesion molecules in cancer of the head and neck: role of dysadherin.

Dysadherin is a recently discovered cancer-related cell membrane glycoprotein that has an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. We are focusing on the role of dysadherin in E-cadherin downregulation, the different expression patterns of the molecule in cancer of the head and neck and its potential role as a molecular target for future applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the disease.

Role of the recently identified dysadherin in E-cadherin adhesion molecule downregulation in head and neck cancer.

Dysadherin is a cancer-related cell membrane glycoprotein, recently identified, playing an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. In the present minireview article, we are focusing on the role of dysadherin in E-cadherin downregulation, the various expression patterns of the molecule in head and neck cancer as well as its potential role as a molecular target for future applications in diagnosis, clinical routine and prognosis of the disease.

Primary localized laryngeal amyloidosis presenting with hoarseness and dysphagia: a case report.

Introduction: Primary localized laryngeal amyloidosis is an extremely rare condition. It usually presents with hoarseness, pain and/or difficulty in breathing.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 23-year-old woman with primary localized laryngeal amyloidosis who presented with hoarseness and dysphagia.

Supracricoid hemilaryngopharyngectomy for selected pyriform sinus carcinoma patients--a retrospective chart review.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the functional and oncologic results of supracricoid hemilaryngopharyngectomy and report our experience in the technique, local control and overall survival rates.

Materials And Methods: 18 selected patients with pyriform sinus cancer treated by supracricoid hemilaryngopharyngectomy in a University Hospital setting. Retrospective chart review was used to assess functional and oncologic results of the procedure.

The role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in head and neck cancer.

The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily of adhesion molecules expressed in multiple human tissues and participating in various physiologic and pathophysiologic processes of the human body. The alterations in the expression of ICAM-1 in the various types of the cancer of the head and neck are discussed in this mini-review following the existing status from the current literature. Possible applications of this developing knowledge in the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer are briefly mentioned.