Association between anxiety and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure after implantation of cardiac electronic devices.

Objective: Several studies suggest that psychological factors including anxiety are associated with negative outcomes and in particular higher mortality rates among heart failure (HF) patients. However, the impact of anxiety on mortality in patients with implanted cardiac devices has not been fully appreciated. The aim of this study was to assess the association between state (SA) and trait (TA) anxiety and all-cause mortality in patients with HF after cardiac electronic devices implantation.

Depression and all-cause mortality in patients with congestive heart failure and an implanted cardiac device.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between depression and all-cause mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and an implanted cardiac device.

Methods: The study enrolled 260 patients (mean age 56.8±10.