Knee tuberculosis in the context of MALT lymphoma: the diagnostic role of ultrasound and CEUS. A case report.

Tuberculosis (TB) arthritis remains a diagnostic challenge. In addition to clinical presentation, the use of imaging techniques and confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are essential. We present the case of a 69-year-old female in whom the diagnosis of knee TB arthritis was simultaneously established with the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma.

Automated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma grading using deep learning with transfer learning.

Introduction: Histological grading of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is crucial for prognosis and treatment decisions, but manual grading is subjective and time-consuming.

Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL)-based model for automated cSCC grading, potentially improving diagnostic accuracy (ACC) and efficiency.

Materials And Methods: Three deep neural networks (DNNs) with different architectures (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet-18) were trained using transfer learning on a dataset of 300 histopathological images of cSCC.

The Tumor Stroma of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Complex Environment That Fuels Cancer Progression.

The tumor microenvironment (TME), a complex assembly of cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, plays a crucial role in driving tumor progression, shaping treatment responses, and influencing metastasis. This narrative review focuses on the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tumor stroma, highlighting its key constituents and their dynamic contributions. We examine how significant changes within the cSCC ECM-specifically, alterations in fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, laminins, proteoglycans, and collagens-promote cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.

First Reported Case of a Clinically Nonresponsive-to-Itraconazole Isolated from a Skin Infection of a Nonimmunocompromised Patient from Romania.

Background: is a melanic fungus capable of causing a wide variety of infections, some of which have lethal potential. It is a ubiquitous fungus and a well-known plant pathogen. Cutaneous infections with most often occur in the extremities of patients who perform conventional agriculture, thus being exposed to occupational hazards leading to the disruption of the skin barrier.

Nodular and Micronodular Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes Are Different Tumors Based on Their Morphological Architecture and Their Interaction with the Surrounding Stroma.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cancer of the skin and comprises low-risk and high-risk subtypes. We selected a low-risk subtype, namely, nodular (N), and a high-risk subtype, namely, micronodular (MN), with the aim to identify differences between them using a classical morphometric approach through a gray-level co-occurrence matrix and histogram analysis, as well as an approach based on deep learning semantic segmentation. From whole-slide images, pathologists selected 216 N and 201 MN BCC images.

Digital histological morphometry of the human pineal gland in a postmortem study, with endocrine and neurological clinical implications.

The pineal gland is a small-sized, photo neuroendocrine organ in the midline of the brain that synthesises and secretes melatonin and serotonin. Chords and islands of pinealocytes constitute the secretory parenchyma, while glial tissue and calcifications represent degenerative changes. This study examined human postmortem pineal glands to microscopically assess morphological changes possibly associated with clinical data, by using digital techniques.

Xanthogranuloma of the Sellar Region: A Comprehensive Review of Neuroimaging in a Rare Inflammatory Entity.

Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region is a rare chronic inflammatory lesion resulting from secondary hemorrhage, inflammation, infarction, and necrosis of an existing Rathke's cleft cyst, craniopharyngioma, or pituitary adenoma. Sellar xanthogranulomas are challenging to differentiate from other cystic lesions preoperatively due to the lack of characteristic imaging features. We performed a literature overview of the clinical and paraclinical features, treatment options, and long-term outcomes of patients with sellar xanthogranuloma, focusing on the preoperative radiological diagnosis.

Techniques for digital histological morphometry of the pineal gland.

Introduction: The pineal gland is a small photo-neuro-endocrine organ. This study used human post-mortem pineal glands to microscopically assess immunohistochemical marker intensity and percentage of positivity using known and novel digital techniques.

Materials And Methods: An experimental non-inferiority study has been performed on 72 pineal glands harvested from post-mortem examinations.

The "starry night" (diffuse microcalcific myopathy) - thousands of muscle microcalcifications after 30 years of Trichinella infection detected by ultrasound.

Trichinellosis, a parasitosis transmitted through consumption of raw or undercooked meat from pigs and game animals, is responsible for a specific myositis. The calcifications of infected myocytes and larva can be detected during many years postin-fection. We present the case of a male patient with a history of severe trichinellosis with disease onset 30 years ago, presenting with generalized muscle microcalcifications detected during musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation.

Bilateral Hand Metastases From a Pleomorphic/Dedifferentiated Leiomyosarcoma: A Case Report.

Leiomyosarcomas of the lower extremity are heterogeneous tumors with high recurrence and metastasizing rates, which, rarely, can suffer a dedifferentiation process, making them extremely aggressive and unpredictable. We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient who presented the clinical and histopathological features of a rare leiomyosarcoma of the foot that was completely excised, but because of the interruption of adjuvant oncological treatment and lack of compliance for the follow-up, the patient suffered a dedifferentiation process and the tumor metastasized in the fingers-an unprecedented site for this type. The present case proves the fact that there is still a lot we do not know about the behavior of this disease, and there is always room to learn.

Molecular Pathology and Targeted Therapies for Personalized Management of Central Nervous System Germinoma.

Intracranial germinomas are rare tumours, usually affecting male paediatric patients. They frequently develop in the pineal and suprasellar regions, causing endocrinological disturbances, visual deficits, and increased intracranial pressure. The diagnosis is established on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, and tumour stereotactic biopsy.

MRI findings in-between leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma: a Rad-Path correlation of degenerated leiomyomas and variants.

Leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the uterus. On the opposite side, leiomyosarcomas are rare malignant uterine tumors that account for a significant proportion of uterine cancer deaths. Especially when large and degenerated, leiomyomas and leiomyoma variants can have overlapping imaging characteristics with those of leiomyosarcomas.

Age-Related Changes of the Pineal Gland in Humans: A Digital Anatomo-Histological Morphometric Study on Autopsy Cases with Comparison to Predigital-Era Studies.

The pineal gland is a photoneuroendocrine organ in the midline of the brain, responsible primarily for melatonin synthesis. It is composed mainly of pinealocytes and glial tissue. This study examined human postmortem pineal glands to microscopically assess age-related changes using digital techniques, and offers a perspective on evolutionary tendencies compared to the past.

Different patterns of p16INK4a immunohistochemical expression and their biological implications in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used to facilitate the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated neoplasia, when ≥70% of cells show strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity. In this study, we aim to compare partial expression patterns that do not fulfill the above criteria and seek biological implications in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Materials And Methods: p16INK4a IHC staining was conducted on representative sections of archived tissue from 88 LSCCs.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Expression in Alveolar Bone Addition With Autologous Blood, Lyophilized Bone and Atelocollagen.

Background/aim: The biomaterials used in guided bone regeneration have undergone significant diversification in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate alveolar bone addition and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) expression using an improved autologous and xenogeneic biomaterial.

Materials And Methods: Chronic marginal periodontitis was induced in sheep; the intervention group received bone addition as periodontal therapy, using a composite system with lyophilized bovine bone enriched with atelocollagen type 1, platelet-rich plasma and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF).

Antitussive, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Walnut ( L.) Septum Extract Rich in Bioactive Compounds.

The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of a walnut ( L.) septum extract (WSE), rich in bioactive compounds were investigated using the citric acid aerosol-induced cough experimental model in rodents. Wistar male rats were treated orally for three days with distilled water (control), codeine (reference), and WSE in graded doses.

Antioxidant Effects of Walnut ( L.) Kernel and Walnut Septum Extract in a D-Galactose-Induced Aging Model and in Naturally Aged Rats.

Antioxidant dietary intervention is considered a potential strategy in delaying age-related dysfunctions. In this study of 56 days, we assessed the antioxidant effects of walnut kernel (WK) and walnut septum extract (WSE) in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging model and in a naturally aged rat model. Young Wistar rats, treated with D-gal (1200 mg/week), and old rats received daily WK or WSE added to the feed.

Unusual Manifestations of Secondary Syphilis: Case Presentations.

Dear Editor, Syphilis is an infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Without treatment, it goes through the following stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary (1). The clinical picture of secondary syphilis is very variable (2,3).

Hemorrhagic polypoid gastric and colonic metastases nine years after uterine leiomyosarcoma - case report.

Introduction: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is a rare tumor, representing 1-2% of all uterine malignancies. It is highly aggressive, with high metastatic rate, especially in lungs, peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneum, bones and liver, usually during the first years after diagnosis.

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old woman, with subtotal hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, followed by radiochemotherapy for spindle-type ULMS nine years ago, presented with gastrointestinal bleeding and severe anemia.

Could oral cytomorphometry be of value in distinguishing diabetes mellitus?

The present study refers to a quantitative, morphometric analysis of exfoliative cytology smears collected from diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, in order to distinguish subtle changes in cellular and nuclear parameters. The study was carried out on 30 adult subjects: a control group of 10 healthy subjects and a study group of 20 diabetic subjects (type 1 and type 2 DM). Another factor that was taken into consideration was the abundance of the microbial flora.

New insights into the cellular makeup and progenitor potential of palatal connective tissues.

The present study investigated the regenerative potential of connective tissues harvested from two palatal areas widely used as donor sites for muco-gingival surgical approaches. Connective tissue grafts (CTGs) were obtained by de-epithelialisation of a free gingival graft (deCTG) and by a split flap approach from a previous donor site (reCTG). Two types of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) were isolated and were named de-epithelialised MSCs (deMSCs) and re-entry MSCs (reMSCs).

Intracranial immature teratoma with a primitive neuroectodermal malignant transformation - case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors are very rare, accounting for 0.3-3% of primary intracranial neoplasms; of these, the teratomas are even more uncommon. The immature variant of teratomas, defined by the presence of incompletely differentiated components resembling fetal tissues is considered as having a low, almost borderline malignancy state.

Keratoacanthoma of the conjunctiva - case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common, benign, rapidly growing and self-limiting squamous proliferation, which appears most frequently on the sun-exposed skin. The nature of KA and its relationship to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) still represent one of the major debates in dermatopathology, as it is the truthfulness of such a diagnosis outside the skin. However, the tumor is now known to originate from the pilosebaceous units of the skin or from ectopic sebaceous glands of squamous mucous membranes, and to differentiate onto follicular isthmus÷infundibulum-like epithelium.

Diagnostic reevaluation of 17 cases of pheochromocytoma - a retrospective study.

A rare neuroendocrine tumor, the pheochromocytoma (PCC) raises problems due both the limited experience of the researchers in this field and its pathogenic mechanisms, still not fully elucidated. The malignant potential of this tumor cannot be predicted based on its macro- or microscopic aspects, but on the presence of metastases. The aims of this study were: (1) the reevaluation of data for a pertinent and complete tumor diagnostic and prognostic pattern; (2) the statistical correlation of all investigated parameters with the malignant form and the survival rate in order to obtain a possible predictor of malignancy; (3) the potential identification of initially diagnosed benign tumors that become malignant in time.