Symptomatic Type IV Dual Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery.

Dual left anterior descending coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly with 4 subtypes. Double left anterior descending coronary artery originating from the left main stem and the right coronary artery (type IV dual left anterior descending artery) has been reported to occur in 0.01% to 0.

Stenting of a stenotic aortic homograft in pulmonary position after the Ross procedure.

Pulmonary autograft replacement of the aortic valve (Ross procedure) has potential advantages, with favorable rates of survival and freedom from reoperation. The procedure itself, however, involves insertion of a homograft in the pulmonary position. The development of severe homograft stenosis is an uncommon but clinically important complication.

Nonbacterial vegetations in a young patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.

The classical clinical picture of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by venous and/or arterial thromboses, fetal losses and thrombocytopenia, in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). We present the case of a young male patient who suffered a transient ischemic cerebrovascular attack and whose cardiac investigation revealed a cardiac source of embolus, namely non-bacterial vegetations of the mitral valve. Laboratory testing confirmed the diagnosis of primary APS.