Dynamic assessment of titanium surface oxides following mechanical damage reveals only partial passivation under inflammatory conditions.

Motivated by clinical problems of titanium implant degradation, we developed a workflow that enabled assessment of surface oxide dynamics as a function of clinical interventions and inflammation conditions. We found that mechanical damage led to decrease of stoichiometric TiO ratio in the passivation oxide film and further resulted in accelerated degradation under inflammatory anaerobic conditions. This method can be employed for the assessment of surface oxides to monitor implant safety.

The impact of intravenous versus submucosal dexamethasone on short-term patient response: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: The purpose of this randomized, cross-over trial was to determine if a preoperative dose of dexamethasone administered submucosally is as effective as intravenous (IV) dexamethasone in reducing pain, swelling, and analgesic consumption after periodontal flap surgery.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients planned for two similar flap surgeries under IV sedation were included. Before the first surgery, patients were randomized to receive 8 mg of IV or submucosal dexamethasone.

Peri-implantitis induction and resolution around zirconia versus titanium implants.

Background: This study compared titanium and zirconia implant ligature-induced peri-implant defect progression and response to regenerative surgical intervention.

Methods: Eight tissue-level endosseous implants were placed in 6 mixed-breed foxhounds, with 2 zirconia and 2 titanium alternating in each hemimandible. Cotton ligatures were placed subgingivally for 16 weeks followed by 8 weeks of spontaneous progression.

Impact of surface chemical treatment in surgical regenerative treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis: A canine study.

Background: Implant surface decontamination is a critical step in peri-implantitis treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect chemotherapeutic agents have on reosseointegration after treatment on ligature-inducted peri-implantitis.

Methods: Six male canines had 36 implants placed and ligatures were placed around them for 28 weeks to establish peri-implantitis.

Interdental oral hygiene interventions elicit varying compositional microbiome changes in naturally occurring gingivitis: Secondary data analysis from a clinical trial.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of different oral irrigators on the sub-gingival microbiome composition in patients with naturally occurring plaque-induced gingivitis.

Materials And Methods: Sub-gingival plaque was collected from adults participating in a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of oral hygiene with two different oral irrigators (Waterpik Water Flosser [Group 1] and Oral-B Water Flosser [Group 2]) versus dental flossing (Group 3) for microbiome analysis. Plaque samples were reflective of naturally occurring plaque-induced gingivitis at baseline and of gingival health at the endpoint (4 weeks).

Localized microbially induced inflammation influences distant healthy tissues in the human oral cavity.

Variation in human immune response to the same bacterial or viral pathogen is well established in the literature. Variation in immune response to microbial challenge has also been observed within the human oral cavity. Our recent study focused on characterizing observed variations in microbially induced gingival inflammation-resulting in three distinct clinical Inflammatory Responder Types (IRTs): High-IRT, Low-IRT, and Slow-IRT.

Subgingival scaling and root planing during minimally invasive periodontal surgery: A randomized controlled split-mouth trial.

Background: The purpose of this randomized, controlled split-mouth study was to evaluate a videoscope as a visual adjunct to scaling and root planing when utilized in combination with minimally invasive surgery.

Methods: Twenty-five pairs (89 interproximal surfaces) of periodontally hopeless teeth planned for extraction were scaled and root planed with minimal surgical access using surgical loupes (control) or adjunctive use of a videoscope (test). Teeth were extracted with minimal trauma, stained with methylene blue, and photographed with a digital microscope for analysis.

Assessment of titanium release following non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Peri-implantitis is a frequent finding. Initial treatment involves non-surgical debridement of the implant surface. Recent studies have found a correlation between titanium (Ti) particle release and peri-implantitis, yet there is a dearth of information regarding the effect of various non-surgical instrumentation on particle release or peri-implantitis resolution.

Periodontitis Risk Factors in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: A pilot study.

Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) present with multiple condition-specific risk factors for periodontitis including CF-related diabetes, chronic inhaled treatments that induce xerostomia, and increased systemic inflammation because of frequent lung infections. General factors like age, oral hygiene, and diet may also contribute to the risk of periodontitis. However the relative importance of these specific risk factors and periodontitis in individuals with CF has not yet been evaluated.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of epithelial removal on free soft tissue autograft healing.

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in dimensional change of a free soft tissue autograft (FSTA) with epithelium compared to without epithelium. The secondary aim is to determine the patient and professional evaluation of color match and graft texture between the two groups.

Methods: Patients with ≤2 mm keratinized tissue indicated for a FSTA were randomly assigned to control group (FSTA with epithelium) or test group (de-epithelialized FSTA).

Wound healing after ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial on short-term (4 months) versus long-term (12 months) histologic outcomes.

Background: The amount of time it takes for bone allograft particles to be replaced with new vital bone during ridge preservation is unclear. The purpose of this article was to compare the wound healing and vital bone formation following ridge preservation using a combination allograft of 70% mineralized and 30% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft at 4 months (short-term, ST) versus 12 months (long-term, LT).

Methods: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in the study who required extraction of a single tooth (excluding second and third molars) and were planned for replacement with a dental implant.

Aesthetic and radiographic outcomes using the root membrane technique in immediate adjacent implant placement: A retrospective clinical study with a 5- to 9-year follow-up.

Purpose: The root membrane technique was designed to preserve the buccal portion of the root in situ, preventing postextraction bundle bone loss and overlying soft tissue recession. Nevertheless, maintenance of the aesthetic gingival architecture around two or multiple adjacent implants, particularly in the anterior maxilla, remains a challenge, notably regarding the gingival contour and the interimplant papillae. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical, aesthetic and radiographic outcomes for immediate adjacent implants placed using the root membrane technique in the anterior maxilla in a sample with a 5- to 9-year follow-up.

Clinical outcomes of retention of the buccal root section combined with immediate implant placement: A systematic review of longitudinal studies.

Introduction: Immediate implant placement in conjunction with partial extraction therapy has been shown to result in functional osseo- and dento-integration with partial preservation of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in humans. Strategic buccal root retention for PDL preservation is a biologically driven procedure that maintains alveolar ridge dimensions and esthetics, while allowing for implant placement. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of longitudinal clinical outcomes of PDL-mediated ridge preservation in conjunction with implant placement in adults, compared with conventional immediate implant placement with total extractions.

Strategies for implant surface decontamination in peri-implantitis therapy.

Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease that leads to progressive bone loss. Surgical therapy has been advocated as a way of halting its progression and re-establishing peri-implant health. One of the most challenging but crucial tasks in the management of peri-implantitis is biofilm removal to achieve reosseointegration and promote the reduction of peri-implant pockets.

Comparison of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of bioactive glass compounds S53P4 and 45S5.

Background: Bone loss and deformation due to damage caused by injury or recurrent invasive infections presents a major clinical obstacle. While bone substitute biomaterials promote osseous tissue regeneration, their application in sites complicated by microbial infections such as osteomyelitis, is limited. Bioactive glass biomaterials (Bioglass) have been shown to have efficient mechanisms of repairing the integrity of bone, while inhibiting growth of a range of bacterial strains.

C3-targeted host-modulation approaches to oral inflammatory conditions.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by biofilm accumulation and dysbiosis in subgingival areas surrounding the teeth. If not properly treated, this oral disease may result in tooth loss and consequently poor esthetics, deteriorated masticatory function and compromised quality of life. Epidemiological and clinical intervention studies indicate that periodontitis can potentially aggravate systemic diseases, such as, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer disease.

Comparing the histological assessment following ridge preservation using a composite bovine-derived xenograft versus an alloplast hydroxyapatite-sugar cross-linked collagen matrix.

Background: This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the histological wound healing and alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation using two different xenograft/collagen matrices.

Methods: Fifty-four patients each with non-molar teeth that required extraction and replacement with dental implants were enrolled. Teeth extractions were completed with minimal flap reflection and were randomized to receive ridge preservation with either 90% bovine-derived xenograft granules in a 10% porcine collagen matrix (Group A) or a sponge-like matrix of 80% microparticulate hydroxyapatite alloplast graft with 20% sugar cross-linked porcine type 1 collagen (Group B).

Implications of considering peri-implant bone loss a disease, a narrative review.

Background: Peri-implantitis has been suggested to cause significant increasing proportions of implant failure with increasing time.

Purpose: To assess whether implant failure rates in long term studies are matching the supposed high prevalence of peri-implantitis.

Material And Methods: This paper is written as a narrative review of the long-term clinical investigations available in the literature.

Biological mechanisms underlying complications related to implant site preparation.

Implant site preparation is a critical stage of implant surgery that may underpin various complications related to implant surgery. This review discusses the latest available scientific information on risk factors related to implant site preparation. The role of the drilling process in relation to the density of the available alveolar bone, the effects of insertion torque on peri-implant osseous healing, and implant-related variables such as macrodesign and implant-abutment connection are all factors that can influence implant success.

Veillonellae: Beyond Bridging Species in Oral Biofilm Ecology.

The genus comprises 16 characterized species, among which eight are commonly found in the human oral cavity. The high abundance of species in the microbiome of both supra- and sub-gingival biofilms, and their interdependent relationship with a multitude of other bacterial species, suggest veillonellae to play an important role in oral biofilm ecology. Development of oral biofilms relies on an incremental coaggregation process between early, bridging and later bacterial colonizers, ultimately forming multispecies communities.

Clinically Healthy Human Gingival Tissues Show Significant Inter-individual Variability in GCF Chemokine Expression and Subgingival Plaque Microbial Composition.

Clinically healthy gingival tissue is maintained through controlled regulation of host defense mechanisms against plaque biofilm overgrowth. One key component is the transit of neutrophils from the vasculature into gingival tissue where the expression of different neutrophil chemokines are tightly regulated. This cross-sectional study examines the inter-individual variability in chemokine profiles within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in relation to the subgingival bacterial community in a state of gingival health.

Long-term preservation of ridge dimension following tooth extraction and ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial of healing at 4- and 12-month healing time points.

Background: To date, the efficacy of ridge preservation in the maintenance of the residual alveolar ridge dimension beyond 6 months after treatment is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in alveolar ridge dimensional change following ridge preservation between 4- and 12-month healing time points using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: Fifty seven patients planned for tooth extraction and implant placement were enrolled.

Clinical performance of hydrophilic, titanium-zirconium dental implants in patients with well-controlled and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: One-year results of a dual-center cohort study.

Background: This study assessed the clinical performance of hydrophilic dental implants in a patient cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Subjects with T2DM of ≥2-years duration were allocated to either the well-controlled (WC; HbA1c ≤ 7.0%,) or poorly-controlled (PC; 7.