Modeling of transport phenomena in a hybrid forward osmosis-directional freeze crystallization process for clean water recovery from hydrometallurgical effluents.

Sustainable water recovery and reuse are critical yet challenging, especially from industrial effluents in cold regions. This work presents a robust numerical model of the transport phenomena in a hybrid two-step forward osmosis (FO)-directional freeze crystallization (DFC) desalination process, whose application in areas with cold climates is advantageous. Deionized (DI) water and a hydrometallurgical effluent were considered as the feed solution in the FO step, while three aqueous solutions of inorganic salts were considered as the draw solutions (DS): NaCl, CaCl, and MgCl.

Effect of chemical species and temperature on the stability of air nanobubbles.

The colloidal stability of air nanobubbles (NBs) was studied at different temperatures (0-30 °C) and in the presence of sulfates, typically found in mining effluents, in a wide range of NaSO concentrations (0.001 to 1 M), along with the effect of surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate), chloride salts (NaCl), and acid/base reagents at a pH range from 4 to 9. Using a nanobubble generator based on hydrodynamic cavitation, 1.

A validated analytical method to measure metals dissolved in deep eutectic solvents.

This work presents the first validated method to analyze metals dissolved in deep eutectic solvents (DES) on a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES), which is key to the success of the upcoming field of solvometallurgical processing. The method was developed and validated for eleven metals: alkali metals: lithium (Li); alkaline earth metals: magnesium (Mg); transition metals: iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), palladium (Pd); and post-transition metals: aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb) in choline chloride based DES. The proposed method was validated with respect to linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and selectivity.

Self referencing attosecond interferometer with zeptosecond precision.

In this work we demonstrate the generation of two intense, ultrafast laser pulses that allow a controlled interferometric measurement of higher harmonic generation pulses with 12.8 attoseconds in resolution (half the atomic unit of time) and a precision as low as 680 zeptoseconds (10 seconds). We create two replicas of a driving femtosecond pulse which share the same optical path except at the focus where they converge to two foci.