Publications by authors named "Georgios Antoniou"
Background: A rapid, low-cost blood test that can be applied to reliably detect multiple different cancer types would be transformational.
Methods: In this large-scale discovery study (n = 2092 patients) we applied the Dxcover® Cancer Liquid Biopsy to examine eight different cancers. The test uses Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and machine-learning algorithms to detect cancer.
Article Synopsis
- Deep learning (DL) is increasingly applied in cancer diagnostics, but it often needs large datasets to avoid overfitting, which can be tough to gather.
- This study investigates data augmentation techniques using ATR-FTIR spectra from patient serum samples, comparing non-generative methods with Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (WGANs) to enhance a convolutional neural network (CNN) for distinguishing pancreatic cancer from non-cancer samples.
- Results show WGAN significantly improved CNN performance, boosting the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for pancreatic cancer detection from 0.661 to 0.757, while also enhancing colorectal cancer model AUC from 0.905 to 0.955, highlighting the
Article Synopsis
- * The researchers developed a deep learning model using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) on time domain data from 1,438 patients, achieving a high classification accuracy with an AUC of 0.97, outperforming models based solely on frequency domain data.
- * A separate dataset of 385 patient samples was used to validate the best-performing RNN model, demonstrating comparable accuracy to traditional gold-standard methods, confirming the potential of using time domain spectroscopic data for disease classification.
Background: Diagnostic delays impact the quality of life and survival of patients with brain tumors. Earlier and expeditious diagnoses in these patients are crucial to reduce the morbidities and mortalities associated with brain tumors. A simple, rapid blood test that can be administered easily in a primary care setting to efficiently identify symptomatic patients who are most likely to have a brain tumor would enable quicker referral to brain imaging for those who need it most.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFrom a complete literature review, we were able to present in this paper what is most current in the treatment with immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Especially the use of immunotherapy, particularly inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), PDL-1 (programmed cell death protein ligand 1), and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4). Since 2015, these drugs have transformed the treatment of advanced NSCLC lacking driver mutations, evolving from second-line therapy to first-line, with excellent results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most common cancer globally. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) proto-oncogene can be targeted in NSCLC patients. : We performed a literature search on PubMed in December 2019 for studies on MET inhibitors and NSCLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Perivascular epitheliod cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms for which the role of systemic treatments is not established as there are no published prospective clinical trials or sufficiently large retrospective case series. The aim of this study is to clarify the activity of conventional chemotherapy and biological agents in advanced/metastatic PEComas.
Experimental Design: This was an observational, retrospective, international study that included patients with advanced/metastatic PEComa treated with systemic therapy at 5 European sarcoma reference centers and within the Italian Rare Cancer Network.
Background/aim: Treatment options for patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcomas are limited. Re-challenge with a previously successful gemcitabine-based regimen is common. There are no published data to support this practice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent randomised phase II trial data have indicated that the addition of olaratumab, a novel monoclonal antibody against platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), to doxorubicin confers an unprecedented improvement in overall survival to patients with anthracycline-naïve advanced soft tissue sarcoma. However, this result was disproportionate with progression-free survival and response rate, and consequently there are unanswered questions regarding the precise mechanism of action of olaratumab. While preclinical data show that olaratumab specifically inhibits PDGFRα-mediated oncogenic signalling with attendant anti-tumour effects, a lack of correlation between pharmacodynamics markers of PDGFRα inhibition and clinical benefit from olaratumab suggest other mechanisms beyond modulation of downstream PDGFRα molecular pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmuno checkpoint inhibitors have ushered in a new era with respect to the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Many patients are not suitable for treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (eg, gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib) or with anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (eg, crizotinib and ceritinib). As a result, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors may play a novel role in the improvement of outcomes in a metastatic setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To report the long term outcome of hybrid (combined open and endovascular) procedures for the management of multisegmental chronic peripheral arterial disease.
Methods: A retrospective analysis from a single center during the period 2009-2013. Patency rates, survival and limb salvage were the primary outcomes.
Objectives: Remote endarterectomy (RE) is a relatively minimally invasive procedure as an alternative to femoropopliteal above-knee bypass for the treatment of long-segment superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion. The objective of this study was to report our experience and to evaluate the long-term outcome.
Design: Single-center nonrandomized retrospective study with prospective collection of patients' data.
Gastric cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite the significant advances in surgical treatment and multimodality strategies, prognosis has modestly improved over the last two decades. Locoregional relapse remains one of the main issues and the combined chemoradiation treatment seems to be one of the preferred approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is an established alternative to open repair. However lifelong surveillance is still required to monitor endograft function and signal the need for secondary interventions (Hobo and Buth 2006). Aortic morphology, especially related to the proximal neck, often complicates the procedure or increases the risk for late device-related complications (Hobo et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiplatelet therapy plays an important role in the management of atherosclerotic disease and numerous studies have shown their efficacy in the reduction of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Antiplatelets are given in patients subjected to lower limb bypass aiming not only to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity but also improve graft patency. Various antiplatelet agents have been used for this purpose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Self-induced injections of liquid substances mainly for penis enlargement is a well-documented but still rather uncommon practice in the western world.
Case Presentation: Herein we present the case of a 30-year-old male who self-inflicted, twice in a six-month-period, intra-urethral liquid paraffin and tied up his penis with a cord in order to achieve both enlargement and elongation. He arrived in our emergency department suffering from suprapubic pain; physical examination revealed a rather unique deformity of the penis.