TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of elective medications and procedures on the ocular surface.

The word "elective" refers to medications and procedures undertaken by choice or with a lower grade of prioritization. Patients usually use elective medications or undergo elective procedures to treat pathologic conditions or for cosmetic enhancement, impacting their lifestyle positively and, thus, improving their quality of life. However, those interventions can affect the homeostasis of the tear film and ocular surface.

PET/CT and PET/MRI in ophthalmic oncology (Review).

Orbital and ocular anatomy is quite complex, consisting of several tissues, which can give rise to both benign and malignant tumors, while several primary neoplasms can metastasize to the orbital and ocular space. Early detection, accurate staging and re‑staging, efficient monitoring of treatment response, non‑invasive differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, and accurate planning of external radiation treatment, are of utmost importance for the optimal and individualized management of ophthalmic oncology patients. Addressing these challenges requires the employment of several diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high‑definition digital fundus photography, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography (OCT)‑angiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

ND:YAG laser for preretinal hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To present fundus images of a case with severe preretinal hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy that was treated with posterior hyaloidotomy with an Nd:YAG laser.

Observations: A 35-year-old diabetic patient presented with sudden painless loss of vision due to severe preretinal hemorrhage over the macular area and high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Her visual acuity was counting fingers.

Mini descemet membrane stripping (m-DMES) in patients with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy: A new method.

We present two cases with focal corneal edema due to Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy that were successfully treated with mini Descemet membrane stripping (m-DMES) (diameter of 3-4 mm; at the area of preexisting focal corneal edema) without endothelial replacement during cataract surgery. Specular microscopy demonstrated Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy and histopathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy were used for the evaluation of the corneal tissue recovery course after the surgical procedure.

Treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal ranibizumab injections: the role of age.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the role of age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab injections.

Methods: A retrospective review of charts of patients treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for the treatment of myopic CNV was done. Patients with other ophthalmic disease were excluded.

Effects of Short-term Preoperative Topical Ketorolac on Pupil Diameter in Eyes Undergoing Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy.

Purpose: To assess pupil diameter before and after femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy in patients who were pretreated with a short-term topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (ketorolac) versus those without pretreatment.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, observational case series included consecutive patients scheduled to undergo cataract extraction using the Catalys femtosecond laser platform (Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA) to perform only capsulotomies.

Long-Term Comparison of Simultaneous Topography-Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy Followed by Corneal Cross-linking versus Corneal Cross-linking Alone.

Purpose: To compare the results of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) alone with combined simultaneous topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy plus CXL (tPRK-CXL) for progressive keratoconus for a 3-year interval.

Design: Prospective, comparative interventional case series.

Participants: Forty-eight patients (60 eyes) with progressive keratoconus.

Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in a patient with posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens.

We describe a case of modified femtosecond laser settings for cataract extraction in a patient with a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PIOL), to avoid incomplete treatment patterns and treatment displacement. Modification of laser settings (increased depth for the capsulotomy, increased vertical spot spacing for the capsulotomy and increased anterior and posterior capsule safety margins for lens fragmentation) seems to make femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery feasible in patients with posterior chamber PIOLs, as complete treatment patterns are achieved.

Effect of Glaucoma Medication in Tear Film Osmolarity of Patients Without Symptoms of Ocular Discomfort.

Purpose: To evaluate tear film osmolarity in patients with no symptoms of ocular discomfort treated with intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication and compare it with tear film osmolarity of controls.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 61 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension (study group) and 32 age-matched normals (control group). Neither group of patients reported ocular discomfort.

Central retinal vein occlusion and pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) as a risk factor for the development of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative study of the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation in three groups of patients: 48 patients with CRVO, 164 patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and 70 control patients (70 eyes). All patients were phakic and had no previous diagnosis of glaucoma.

Clinical and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography findings of patients with incomplete visual recovery after anatomically successful retinal detachment surgery.

Purpose. To identify causes of incomplete visual recovery in patients with anatomically successful retinal detachment surgery. Methods.

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy with atypical findings.

Background. To report a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) with atypical electrophysiology findings. Case Presentation.

Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Intra-Corneal Drug Delivery.

Purpose: To present a case of fungal keratitis that was successfully treated with direct intrastromal medication delivery through a corneal incision created with the femtosecond laser.

Methods: A 71-year-old female patient with recurrent episodes of an unresponsive, deep stromal keratitis for six months' duration, resistant to various therapeutic approaches, was referred to our institute. The 150 kHz Intralase iFS laser (Abbott Medical Optics Inc.

Cross-linking as an adjuvant treatment for tectonic corneal lamellar graft preparation.

Purpose: To describe a new surgical approach for the tectonic reconstruction of the anterior ocular segment and the management of scleral and conjuctival melting.

Methods: Case series of patients demonstrating anterior segment anomalies, such as scleral and conjunctival melting. The anterior stromal part of a pre-cut corneal graft for Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) was cross-linked with riboflavin and ultraviolet A irradiation and was used to cover scleral (scleral melting in a patient with necrotizing scleritis, one case) and conjuctival (dehiscence of the conjunctiva in patients with anti-glaucomatous valve exposure, two cases) areas.

Comparative study of stromal bed of LASIK flaps created with femtosecond lasers (IntraLase FS150, WaveLight FS200) and mechanical microkeratome.

Background/aim: To compare stromal bed smoothness in LASIK flaps created with two different femtosecond lasers (IntraLase FS150 and WaveLight FS200) and a mechanical microkeratome (MMK) (Carriazo-Pendular microkeratome).

Methods: Sixty freshly enucleated porcine eyes were used for the study. Twenty flaps were created and constitute each of the following three groups: IntraLase FS150 (IFS group), WaveLight FS200 (WFS group) and MMK (MMK group).

Prospective comparison of low-fluence photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal bevacizumab versus bevacizumab monotherapy for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate combination treatment with reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy (RDPDT) with Verteporfin and intravitreal bevacizumab, compared to bevacizumab alone, for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized comparative study comprising 95 patients with CNV. 49 patients received RDPDT (25 J/cm(2)) followed by intravitreal bevacizumab 1.

Corneal confocal microscopy findings in sporadic cases of pre-descemet corneal dystrophy.

Purpose: To present corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) findings in a series of patients with pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy (PDCD).

Methods: A 28-year-old man, a 50-year-old man, a 30-year-old woman, and a 31-year-old man were clinically diagnosed with PDCD on slit lamp microscopic evaluation. All patients were evaluated by means of CCM.

Effect of corneal collagen cross-linking on corneal innervation, corneal sensitivity, and tear function of patients with keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on corneal innervation, corneal sensitivity, and tear function in patients with keratoconus.

Design: Prospective, interventional case series.

Participants: Twenty-four patients with bilateral keratoconus (30 eyes) who presented to the Institute of Vision and Optics, University of Crete, from May 2008 to October 2008.

Effect of panretinal photocoagulation treatment on vision-related quality of life of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of laser panretinal photocoagulation for bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy on vision-related quality of life.

Methods: In this prospective study, 20 patients (12 men and 8 women) with bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy treated with panretinal photocoagulation were included (mean age: 65 years, SD: 11.6 years).

In vitro effect of corneal collagen cross-linking on corneal hydration properties and stiffness.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate in-vitro the immediate effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on corneal hydration and stiffness.

Methods: Forty-two corneal buttons from freshly enucleated porcine eyes were immersed in riboflavin 0.1% in dextran 20% dilution for 3 h in order for their hydration to reach equilibrium.

Isolated corneal pseudodendrites as the initial manifestation of tyrosinemia type II in monozygotic twins.

Fifteen-month-old twins presented with photophobia and bilateral corneal pseudodendrites, and tyrosinemia type II was suspected. Plasma tyrosine levels were elevated. After therapy with tyrosine-restricted diet, corneal lesions resolved.

Tacrolimus ointment 0.03% for treatment of refractory childhood phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis.

Purpose: To report 2 cases of refractory phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis treated with topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment (Protopic).

Methods: Two white children, aged 5 years and 6 years, respectively, presented with refractory phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in 1 eye (left).

Combined treatment with flap amputation, phototherapeutic keratectomy, and collagen crosslinking in severe intractable post-LASIK atypical mycobacterial infection with corneal melt.

A 23-year-old woman was referred for management of intractable post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) keratitis due to atypical mycobacteria in the left eye. Corrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and counting fingers at 3 meters in the left eye. Slitlamp examination revealed multiple infiltrates in the flap interface and severe corneal stromal melting with thinning.