TOURISM study (Treatment Outcomes in UteRIne SarcoMa): a 10-year retrospective evaluation of practice in the UK.

Background: Although rare, uterine sarcomas account for a high proportion of uterine cancer mortality. Treatment options and robust trial data are limited.

Objectives: The TOURISM study (Treatment Outcomes in UteRIne SarcoMa) is a UK-wide study by the National Oncology Trainees Collaborative for Healthcare Research which aimed to characterise this patient cohort.

Reef Adapt: A tool to inform climate-smart marine restoration and management decisions.

A critical component of ecosystem restoration projects involves using genetic data to select source material that will enhance success under current and future climates. However, the complexity and expense of applying genetic data is a barrier to its use outside of specialised scientific contexts. To help overcome this barrier, we developed Reef Adapt ( www.

Multinational evaluation of genetic diversity indicators for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity. The major advantage of these indicators is that they can be estimated with or without DNA-based data.

Immunotherapy in Sarcoma: Current Data and Promising Strategies.

Traditionally sarcomas have been considered immunologically quiet tumours, with low tumour mutational burden (TMB) and an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME), consisting of decreased T-cell infiltration and elevated levels of H1F1α, macrophages and neutrophils. However, research has shown that a subset of sarcomas are immunologically 'hot' with either high TMB, PDL-1 expression, CD8+ T cells or presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) demonstrating sensitivity to immunotherapy. Here, we review the current evidence for immunotherapy use in bone sarcomas (BS) and soft tissue sarcomas (STS), with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and adoptive cellular therapies including engineered T-cell therapies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cancer vaccines and biomarkers of response.

Disentangling direct vs indirect effects of microbiome manipulations in a habitat-forming marine holobiont.

Host-associated microbiota are critical for eukaryotic host functioning, to the extent that hosts and their associated microbial communities are often considered "holobionts". Most studies of holobionts have focused on descriptive approaches or have used model systems, usually in the laboratory, to understand host-microbiome interactions. To advance our understanding of host-microbiota interactions and their wider ecological impacts, we need experimental frameworks that can explore causation in non-model hosts, which often have highly diverse microbiota, and in their natural ecological setting (i.

Marine protected areas can be useful but are not a silver bullet for kelp conservation.

Kelp forests are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth, but they are increasingly being degraded and lost due to a range of human-related stressors, leading to recent calls for their improved management and conservation. One of the primary tools to conserve marine species and biodiversity is the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). International commitments to protect 30% of the world's ecosystems are gaining momentum, offering a promising avenue to secure kelp forests into the Anthropocene.

Seminoma and dysgerminoma: evidence for alignment of clinical trials and de-escalation of systemic chemotherapy.

Malignant germ cell tumours are a group of rare cancers whose incidence peaks in late adolescence and early adulthood. Dysgerminomas of the ovary and seminomas of the testis are analogous diseases, but seminomas have a 10-fold higher incidence. The two tumours are morphologically identical and are only differentiated by surrounding organ-specific tissue or testicular germ cell neoplasia .

Bad to the Bone: Emerging Approaches to Aggressive Bone Sarcomas.

Bone sarcomas are rare heterogeneous tumors that affect patients of all ages including children, adolescent young adults, and older adults. They include many aggressive subtypes and patient groups with poor outcomes, poor access to clinical trials, and lack of defined standard therapeutic strategies. Conventional chondrosarcoma remains a surgical disease, with no defined role for cytotoxic therapy and no approved targeted systemic therapies.

Treatment de-escalation for stage II seminoma.

International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group good-risk metastatic seminoma has cure rates of >95%. Within this risk group, patients with stage II disease exhibit the best oncological outcomes with the standard-of-care treatment strategies of radiotherapy or combination chemotherapy. However, these treatments can be associated with substantial early and late toxic effects.

Host genetics, phenotype and geography structure the microbiome of a foundational seaweed.

Interactions between hosts and their microbiota are vital to the functioning and resilience of macro-organisms. Critically, for hosts that play foundational roles in communities, understanding what drives host-microbiota interactions is essential for informing ecosystem restoration and conservation. We investigated the relative influence of host traits and the surrounding environment on microbial communities associated with the foundational seaweed Phyllospora comosa.

Special Low Protein Foods Prescribed in England for PKU Patients: An Analysis of Prescribing Patterns and Cost.

Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) are reliant on special low protein foods (SLPFs) as part of their dietary treatment. In England, several issues regarding the accessibility of SLPFs through the national prescribing system have been highlighted. Therefore, prescribing patterns and expenditure on all SLPFs available on prescription in England ( = 142) were examined.

Adjuvant and post-surgical treatment in high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer.

Cytoreductive surgery is the mainstay of treatment for high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer. Although for early stage disease outcomes following surgery alone are good, the risk of recurrence necessitates adjuvant chemotherapy for the majority of patients. Post-operative chemotherapy in advanced-stage disease, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery has improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Molecular analysis of a fungal disease in the habitat-forming brown macroalga Phyllospora comosa (Fucales) along a latitudinal gradient.

Infectious diseases affecting habitat-forming species can have significant impacts on population dynamics and alter the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. Recently, a fungal infection was described as the causative agent of necrotic lesions on the stipe of the forest-forming macroalga Phyllospora comosa, a disease named "stipe rot" (SR). Here, we developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for rapid detection and quantification of this pathogen, which was applied to evaluate the level of SR infection in eight P.

Conservation genomics of a critically endangered brown seaweed.

Seaweeds provide valuable ecosystem services, but many are undergoing global decline due to climate and anthropogenic stressors. The brown macroalga, Nereia lophocladia (hereafter called Nereia), is among only a handful of seaweeds globally to be listed as critically endangered and is only described from two known locations, but there exists little knowledge about this species. Here, we combine field surveys to verify the distribution of Nereia, with cutting-edge genomics to determine genetic diversity and population structure, and inform ongoing conservation actions.

The role of MET in chemotherapy resistance.

Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment in the majority of solid and haematological malignancies. Resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy is a major clinical problem and substantial research is ongoing into potential methods of overcoming this resistance. One major target, the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, has generated increasing interest with multiple clinical trials in progress.

Genomic vulnerability of a dominant seaweed points to future-proofing pathways for Australia's underwater forests.

Globally, critical habitats are in decline, threatening ecological, economic and social values and prompting calls for 'future proofing' efforts that enhance resilience to climate change. Such efforts rely on predicting how neutral and adaptive genomic patterns across a species' distribution will change under future climate scenarios, but data is scant for most species of conservation concern. Here, we use seascape genomics to characterise genetic diversity, structure and gene-environmental associations in a dominant forest-forming seaweed, Phyllospora comosa, along its entire latitudinal (12° latitude), and thermal (~14°C) range.

Milestones for autonomous in vivo microrobots in medical applications.

In light of recent developments within both health care and robotics, the use of robots within the human body has become attainable. Here we discuss the milestones for the realization of autonomous microrobots in medical applications. The desired tasks were classified by identifying the difficulties and requirements faced by the robot.

Special Low Protein Foods in the UK: An Examination of Their Macronutrient Composition in Comparison to Regular Foods.

Special low protein foods (SLPFs) are essential in a low phenylalanine diet for treating phenylketonuria (PKU). With little known about their nutritional composition, all SLPFs on UK prescription were studied ( = 146) and compared to equivalent protein-containing foods ( = 190). SLPF nutritional analysis was obtained from suppliers/manufacturers.

High-resolution photo-mosaic time-series imagery for monitoring human use of an artificial reef.

Successful marine management relies on understanding patterns of human use. However, obtaining data can be difficult and expensive given the widespread and variable nature of activities conducted. Remote camera systems are increasingly used to overcome cost limitations of conventional labour-intensive methods.

Derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer according to RAS and BRAF status: a post-hoc analysis of the MRC COIN study.

The phase III Continuous or Intermittent (COIN) trial failed to show a benefit in overall survival (OS) of cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. High derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) has been shown to be prognostic in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate dNLR as a predictive biomarker of the survival according to RAS and BRAF mutations status within the COIN trial.

Coma query cause.

A 54-year-old woman with coeliac disease was admitted to hospital electively for supplemental nutrition. Shortly after feeding started she deteriorated into a hyperammonemic coma with refeeding syndrome, requiring an extensive intensive care admission. Urea cycle disorders were investigated and a biochemical diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was made.

A cross-sectional study of the individual, social, and built environmental correlates of pedometer-based physical activity among elementary school children.

Background: Children who participate in regular physical activity obtain health benefits. Preliminary pedometer-based cut-points representing sufficient levels of physical activity among youth have been established; however limited evidence regarding correlates of achieving these cut-points exists. The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of pedometer-based cut-points among elementary school-aged children.