Sensitivity and specificity of pupillary light reflex measures for ASD using monocular pupillometry.

Introduction: Automated hand-held pupillometry demonstrates precision accuracy, offering promise for augmenting ASD screening.

Methods: Monocular pupillometry was examined in children and adolescents (36 ASD; 24 TD). Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed PLR metrics and diagnostic status.

Impact of pharmacist involvement on medication safety in interprofessional transfer of care activity.

Aim: Any transition of patient care is a high-risk time for communication error. This paper explores whether the presence of a pharmacist as part of an interprofessional group provides additional benefit and safety in transitions of care.

Method: Six pharmacy interns and newly qualified pharmacists joined participants from seven other health professional training programmes to take part in an interprofessional education activity.

Using Pupillometry to Assess the Atypical Pupillary Light Reflex and LC-NE System in ASD.

With recent advances in technology, there has been growing interest in use of eye-tracking and pupillometry to assess the visual pathway in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within emerging literature, an atypical pupillary light reflex (PLR) has been documented, holding potential for use as a clinical screening biomarker for ASD. This review outlines dominant theories of neuropathology associated with ASD and integrates underlying neuroscience associated with the atypical PLR through a reciprocal model of brainstem involvement and cortical underconnectivity.

Intervention Techniques Used With Autism Spectrum Disorder by Speech-Language Pathologists in the United States and Taiwan: A Descriptive Analysis of Practice in Clinical Settings.

Purpose: This study examined intervention techniques used with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in the United States and Taiwan working in clinic/hospital settings. The research questions addressed intervention techniques used with children with ASD, intervention techniques used with different age groups (under and above 8 years old), and training received before using the intervention techniques.

Method: The survey was distributed through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association to selected SLPs across the United States.

Pupillary Response and Phenotype in ASD: Latency to Constriction Discriminates ASD from Typically Developing Adolescents.

Unlabelled: Brain imaging data describe differences in the ASD brain, including amygdala overgrowth, neural interconnectivity, and a three-phase model of neuroanatomical changes from early post-natal development through late adolescence. The pupil reflex test (PRT), a noninvasive measure of brain function, may help improve early diagnosis and elucidate underlying physiology in expression of ASD endophenotype. Commonly observed characteristics of ASD include normal visual acuity but difficulty with eye gaze and photosensitivity, suggesting deficient neuromodulation of cranial nerves.