Bone Surface Micro-Topography at Craniofacial Entheses: Insights on Osteogenic Adaptation at Muscle Insertions.

Macroscopic details of the bone-muscle interface are represented by a mosaic of calcified features inclusive of fossae, tuberosities, crests, and ridges. These features are in part of an adaptive osteogenic response to dissipate forces of localized mechanical loading. In an osteoarchaeological or paleontological context, these features are interpreted as "musculoskeletal stress markers" to infer habitual behaviors.