A modular system for programming multistep activation of endogenous genes in stem cells.

Unlabelled: Although genomes encode instructions for mammalian cell differentiation with rich syntactic relationships, existing methods for genetically programming cells have modest capabilities for stepwise regulation of genes. Here, we developed a sequential genetic system that enables transcriptional activation of endogenous genes in a preprogrammed, stepwise manner. The system relies on the removal of an RNA polymerase III termination signal to induce both the transcriptional activation and the DNA endonuclease activities of a Cas9-VPR protein to effect stepwise progression through cascades of gene activation events.

TM4SF18 is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer and regulates cell growth.

Current therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) only modestly impact survival and can be highly toxic. A greater understanding of the molecules regulating this disease is critical for identifying new drug targets and developing more effective therapies. The L6 family of proteins are known to be positive regulators of tumor growth and metastasis among various cancers.

Effects of Flight on Gene Expression and Aging in the Honey Bee Brain and Flight Muscle.

Honey bees move through a series of in-hive tasks (e.g., "nursing") to outside tasks (e.