Differences in the technical performance of heading between men and women football players during FIFA World Cup 2022 and FIFA Women's World Cup 2023 matches.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of headers, attempted headers, and other head impacts, and the difference in heading descriptors, including technical performance, between men and women in a purposive sample of FIFA World Cup 2022 (FWC22) and FIFA Women's World Cup (FWWC23) matches.

Methods: Video analysis of all observed headers, attempted headers and other head impacts during eight FWC matches (FWC22 (n=4); FWWC23 (n=4)) where the same national teams competed. Heading descriptors (including ball delivery method, purpose of the header and involvement of other players) and technical performance of each header (including controlled or uncontrolled header, use of upper body, point of head contact) were analysed using negative binomial regression analyses with men as the reference group (reported as incidence rate ratios (IRR)).

Heading in football: a systematic review of descriptors, definitions, and reporting methods used in heading incidence studies.

The primary objective of this systematic review was to describe the number and type of heading descriptors used in all published studies which report on heading incidence in football. The secondary objective was to detail the data collection and reporting methods used in the included studies to present heading incidence data. Eligible studies were identified through searches of five electronic databases: Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science, using a combination of free-text keywords (inception to 12th September 2023).

IrO Oxygen Evolution Catalysts Prepared by an Optimized Photodeposition Process on TiO Substrates.

Preparing high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with low precious metal loadings for water electrolysis applications (e.g., for green hydrogen production) is challenging and requires electrically conductive, high-surface-area, and stable support materials.

The Acute Effects of Ball Pressure on Anticipation Timing Following a Series of Purposeful Headers in Adult Football (Soccer) Players.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute effects of ball pressure on anticipation timing following a series of purposeful headers in adult football (soccer) players. There is evidence to suggest acute neurophysiological changes to the brain following purposeful heading; this may lead to altered anticipation timing as a result, potentially having future safety implications for players. A repeated measures crossover design was used.

The incidence and characteristics of heading in the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup™.

Introduction: To quantify the incidence and characteristics of purposeful heading and other head impacts in professional women's football at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup™.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study analysed purposeful headers (uncontested and contested) and their characteristics (e.g.

The 46.1 Antibody Mediates Neurotensin Uptake into the CNS and the Effects Depend on the Route of Intravenous Administration.

Central nervous system (CNS) exposure to blood-borne biotherapeutics is limited by the restrictive nature of the brain vasculature. In particular, tightly sealed endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevent the uptake of protein and gene medicines. An approach to increase the bioavailability of such therapeutics is harnessing the BBB endothelial cells' own receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) mechanisms.

The Effect of Sub-Concussive Impacts during a Rugby Tackling Drill on Brain Function.

Concussion is known to detrimentally affect brain health. Rugby tackles commonly occur with high collision force between tackler and ball carrier, and low impact head contact is not uncommon. Cognitive deficits following a bout of soccer ball heading has been attributed to the impact and termed sub-concussion.

Antibody screening using a human iPSC-based blood-brain barrier model identifies antibodies that accumulate in the CNS.

Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant obstacle for the development of neurological disease therapies. The low penetration of blood-borne therapeutics into the brain can oftentimes be attributed to the restrictive nature of the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that comprise the BBB. One strategy beginning to be successfully leveraged is the use of endogenous receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) systems as a means to shuttle a targeted therapeutic into the brain.

Identification of variable lymphocyte receptors that can target therapeutics to pathologically exposed brain extracellular matrix.

Diseases that lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption will pathologically expose normally inaccessible brain extracellular matrix (ECM) to circulating blood components. Therefore, we hypothesized that brain ECM-targeting moieties could specifically target the disrupted BBB and potentially deliver therapies. Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that preferentially associate with brain ECM were identified from an immune VLR library via yeast surface display biopanning coupled with a moderate throughput ECM screen.

Coupling Brain Perfusion Screens and Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Blood-Brain Barrier Binding Antibodies.

Antibodies that target the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are of particular interest for the treatment of neurological diseases. Here, we screened a phage display single-chain antibody (scFv) library by brain perfusion in an attempt to isolate scFv that target the rat BBB. After four rounds of screening, the resulting antibody pool remained highly complex and discrete clonal sampling did not identify any scFvs capable of binding to the rat BBB.

High performance of PtCu@TiO nanocatalysts toward methanol oxidation reaction: from synthesis to molecular picture insight.

The electrocatalytic production of hydrogen from methanol dehydrogenation successfully uses platinum catalysts. However, they are expensive and Pt has the tendency to be poisoned from the intermediate compounds, formed during the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). For these two reasons, there has been active research for alternative bi- and tri-component Pt-based catalysts.

Long-acting olanzapine injection during pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case report.

We present one case of a woman treated with the intramuscular depot formulation of the atypical antipsychotic, olanzapine pamoate (ZypAdhera®), during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Data on olanzapine distribution in breast milk as well as on plasma concentration in the nursed infant are provided. The present case report demonstrates that olanzapine was excreted in the breast milk, but the breast-fed infant had very low olanzapine concentrations, which did not result in any adverse effects.

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials for diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in adults. A blinded study.

The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical utility of complex auditory brainstem response (c-ABR) and investigate if c-ABR is helpful in the diagnostic procedure. Thirty-one adult psychiatric patients, thoroughly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n=16), ADHD (n=8), or schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) (n=7) and 15 healthy controls (HC), were blindly assessed with SensoDetect BERA. This c-ABR correctly identified psychiatric diagnoses in 4 patients (13%) and provided partially correct diagnoses in 11 more patients.

Blood pressure control predicts plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 in diabetes mellitus type II.

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in extracellular and vascular remodelling. We aimed therefore to assess the role of blood pressure (BP) control on plasma MMP-9 in relation to the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type II.

Material And Methods: Plasma MMP-9 was measured in 61 patients who were divided into two groups depending on their BP control as follows: 49 patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension (AH) defined as BP values > 130/80 mm Hg and 12 patients with optimal blood pressure values.

Smuggling Drugs into the Brain: An Overview of Ligands Targeting Transcytosis for Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier.

The blood-brain barrier acts as a physical barrier that prevents free entry of blood-derived substances, including those intended for therapeutic applications. The development of molecular Trojan horses is a promising drug targeting technology that allows for non-invasive delivery of therapeutics into the brain. This concept relies on the application of natural or genetically engineered proteins or small peptides, capable of specifically ferrying a drug-payload that is either directly coupled or encapsulated in an appropriate nanocarrier, across the blood-brain barrier via receptor-mediated transcytosis.

In vivo biodistribution of prion- and GM1-targeted polymersomes following intravenous administration in mice.

Due to the aging of the population, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, is expected to grow and, hence, the demand for adequate treatment modalities. However, the delivery of medicines into the brain for the treatment of brain-related diseases is hampered by the presence of a tight layer of endothelial cells that forms the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, most conventional drugs lack stability and/or bioavailability.

Bi-component semiconductor oxide photoanodes for the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic solutes and vapours: a short review with emphasis to TiO2-WO3 photoanodes.

The use of binary semiconductor oxide anodes for the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic species (both in solution and gas phase) is reviewed. In the first part of the review, the principle of electrically assisted photocatalysis is presented, the preparation methods for the most common semiconductor oxide catalysts are briefly mentioned, while the advantages of appropriately chosen semiconductor combinations for efficient UV and visible (vis) light utilization are highlighted. The second part of the review focuses on the discussion of TiO(2)-WO(3) photoanodes (among the most studied bi-component semiconductor oxide systems) and in particular on coatings prepared by electrodeposition/electrosynthesis or powder mixtures (the focus of the authors' research during recent years).

Surface characteristics of nanoparticles determine their intracellular fate in and processing by human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells in vitro.

A polarized layer of endothelial cells that comprises the blood-brain barrier (BBB) precludes access of systemically administered medicines to brain tissue. Consequently, there is a need for drug delivery vehicles that mediate transendothelial transport of such medicines. Endothelial cells use a variety of endocytotic pathways for the internalization of exogenous materials, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolar endocytosis, and macropinocytosis.

Ethanol alters the effect of kappa receptor ligands on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.

Repeated exposure to ethanol has previously been shown to induce alterations in both midbrain dopamine and dynorphin systems. The aim of this study was to investigate functional changes in the sensitivity of dynorphin/kappa-receptor systems following repeated ethanol administration, using dopamine as an indirect marker. The effects of kappa-opioid receptor ligands on dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens were investigated following repeated ethanol administration (2 g/kg body weight, twice daily for 7 days).

Oral toxicity of Photorhabdus toxins against thrips species.

The oral toxicity of excretion products of several Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus strains was tested on two thrips species: Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci. Out of 46 Photorhabdus isolates and six Xenorhabdus isolates only six North American P. temperata isolates were toxic to the thrips species.