Resilience and Positive Wellbeing Experienced by 5-12-Year-Old Children with Refugee Backgrounds in Australia: The Childhood Resilience Study.

Refugee research tends to be deficit based and focused on the risks threatening positive adaptation and wellbeing. High rates of mental (and physical) health issues have been reported for refugee adults and children, including intergenerational trauma. This study uses the new Child Resilience Questionnaire (CRQ), co-designed with refugee background communities, to describe resilience and positive wellbeing experienced by children of refugee-background.

Balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure: A revised position statement for Australian adults.

Objective: To describe the development of a new position statement regarding balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults.

Methods: We conducted a Sun Exposure Summit in March 2021, with presentations from invited experts and a workshop including representation from academic, clinical, policy, and patient stakeholder organisations. The group considered advice about balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults and developed a revised consensus position statement.

Refugee child health: a systematic review of health conditions in children aged 0-6 years living in high-income countries.

This study describes the extent, quality and cultural appropriateness of current research on the health conditions of refugee children aged 0-6 years settled in high-income countries. A systematic review was conducted, including original articles published on the health conditions experienced by refugee children. A total of 71 papers were included.

Health of children who experienced Australian immigration detention.

Background: Australian immigration policy resulted in large numbers of children being held in locked detention. We examined the physical and mental health of children and families who experienced immigration detention.

Methods: Retrospective audit of medical records of children exposed to immigration detention attending the Royal Children's Hospital Immigrant Health Service, Melbourne, Australia, from January 2012 -December 2021.

Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Children Migrating to Australia.

In 2015, Australia updated premigration screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease in children 2-10 years of age to include testing for infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and enable detection of latent TB infection (LTBI). We analyzed TB screening results in children <15 years of age during November 2015-June 2017. We found 45,060 child applicants were tested with interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) (57.

Severe childhood speech disorder: Gene discovery highlights transcriptional dysregulation.

Objective: Determining the genetic basis of speech disorders provides insight into the neurobiology of human communication. Despite intensive investigation over the past 2 decades, the etiology of most speech disorders in children remains unexplained. To test the hypothesis that speech disorders have a genetic etiology, we performed genetic analysis of children with severe speech disorder, specifically childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).

Schistosoma serology after praziquantel treatment of Schistosoma infection in refugee children resettled in Australia: A retrospective analysis.

Background: This study aimed to document changes in serological response before and after treatment of Schistosoma infection in resettled refugee children from endemic countries in Australia. Current Australian guidelines recommend serological screening for Schistosoma infection in children and adults from endemic countries. Data on the utility of follow-up serology after treatment is limited.

Outcomes of Children With Chronic Intestinal Failure: Experience Over 2 Decades at a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital.

Background And Aims: The aim of the study was to aid decisions on prognosis and transplantation; this study describes the outcome of children with intestinal failure managed by the multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation program at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.

Methods: Retrospective review of children requiring parenteral nutrition (PN) for >3 months who were assessed for home PN between 1991 and 2011.

Results: A total of 51 children were included.

Catching up with catch-up: a policy analysis of immunisation for refugees and asylum seekers in Victoria.

This study examines catch-up immunisation for people of refugee-like background in Victoria, exploring effective models of service delivery to complete catch-up vaccinations. The analysis is based on: (i) review of the medical literature, Commonwealth and Victorian government immunisation policy and immunisation patient information; (ii) review of vaccination coverage and service delivery data; and (iii) stakeholder interviews completed in 2014 with 45 people from 34 agencies, including 9 local government areas in Victoria. Although refugees and asylum seekers all need catch-up vaccinations on arrival, they face significant barriers to completing immunisation in Australia.

'I think we've had a health screen': New offshore screening, new refugee health guidelines, new Syrian and Iraqi cohorts: Recommendations, reality, results and review.

Aim: To examine refugee health assessments in Syrian and Iraqi children in the context of changes to offshore immigration screening, updated Australian refugee health guidelines and the primary care refugee health model in Victoria.

Methods: This is a retrospective audit of Syrian and Iraqi children aged 0-17 years attending a specialist immigrant health service from January 2015 to September 2017.

Results: We saw 128 children (7 months-16 years, 64.

No jab, no record: Catch-up vaccination of children in immigration detention.

International Health and Medical Services (IHMS) are contracted to provide health services, including catch-up vaccination, for individuals in immigration detention. Our audit of catch-up vaccination in asylum seeker children who spent time in held detention demonstrates inadequate and suboptimal vaccine delivery in this setting, and no evidence that IHMS recorded vaccines on the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register at the time. We also found substantial shortfalls in vaccination for these children after they were released from detention.

The Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases and Refugee Health Network of Australia recommendations for health assessment for people from refugee-like backgrounds: an abridged outline.

In 2009, the Australasian Society of Infectious Diseases published guidelines on the post-arrival health assessment of recently arrived refugees. Since then, the number of refugees and asylum seekers reaching Australia has increased substantially (17 555 refugees in 2015-16) and the countries of origin have changed. These groups are likely to have had poor access to health care pre-arrival and, consequently, are at risk of a range of chronic and infectious diseases.

Learning Problems in Children of Refugee Background: A Systematic Review.

Context: Learning problems are common, affecting up to 1 in 10 children. Refugee children may have cumulative risk for educational disadvantage, but there is limited information on learning in this population.

Objective: To review the evidence on educational outcomes and learning problems in refugee children and to describe their major risk and resource factors.

In or out? Barriers and facilitators to refugee-background young people accessing mental health services.

Refugee young people have been identified as a group with high risk for mental health problems, due to their experience of trauma, forced migration, and stressors associated with settlement. A high prevalence of mental health problems is reported in this group, however some research suggests refugee young people have low rates of mental health service access. There is little information available on barriers and facilitators to mental service delivery for this group.

Gaps in smiles and services: a cross-sectional study of dental caries in refugee-background children.

Background: Refugees are reported to experience high rates of dental disease, although there are limited data on refugee children. The aim of this study was to report on oral health in refugee-background children in Australia, and to assess their follow-up at dental services.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of opportunistic oral health screening and subsequent dental service use in refugee-background children attending a refugee health clinic in Victoria, Australia, between November 2006-November 2010.

Learning difficulties or learning English difficulties? Additional language acquisition: an update for paediatricians.

Australia is a diverse society: 26% of the population were born overseas, a further 20% have at least one parent born overseas and 19% speak a language other than English at home. Paediatricians are frequently involved in the assessment and management of non-English-speaking-background children with developmental delay, disability or learning issues. Despite the diversity of our patient population, information on how children learn additional or later languages is remarkably absent in paediatric training.

B alert: hepatitis B virus infection in children in Victoria.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the demographic, clinical and serological patterns of hepatitis B in children in Victoria over a 17-year period.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of all patients <18 years of age with positive hepatitis B surface antigen referred to the Gastroenterology, Immigrant Health and Infectious Diseases clinics between 1992 and 2009.

Results: Of the 164 children identified, 76% were born overseas, with vertical transmission the most likely source in 84%.

Vitamin D and health in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement.

• The recommended level for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in infants, children, adolescents and during pregnancy and lactation is ≥ 50 nmol/L. This level may need to be 10-20 nmol/L higher at the end of summer to maintain levels ≥ 50 nmol/L over winter and spring. • Sunlight is the most important source of vitamin D.