The electrochemical determination of phenolic derivates using multiple pulsed amperometry with graphite based electrodes.

The electrochemical determinations of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by chronoamperometry (CA) and multiple pulsed amperometry (MPA) using expanded graphite-epoxy composite (EG-Epoxy) and rotating spectral graphite disc (SG) electrodes are reported. The electrochemical behaviours of both electrodes in the presence of organics informed about oxidation peak potential and the electrode fouling with organics concentration increasing. Setting up the oxidation peak potential as detection potential, only SG gave good electroanalytical performance using CA.

Voltammetric Detection of Urea on an Ag-Modified Zeolite-Expanded Graphite-Epoxy Composite Electrode.

In this paper, a modified expanded graphite composite electrode based on natural zeolitic volcanic tuff modified with silver (EG-Ag-Z-Epoxy) was developed. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed a reasonably fast electron transfer and a good stability of the electrode in 0.1 M NaOH supporting electrolyte.

Carbon-based Composite Electrodes: Preparation, Characterization and Application in Electroanalysis.

Electrodes based on carbon, i.e., expanded graphite (20%, wt.