Does prior exposure to clinical critical events influence stress reactions to simulation session in nursing students: A case-control study.

Background: Simulation is a pedagogical method known to be a generator of stress, that could be influenced by previous stressful experiences.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of previous experience with a clinical critical event on the stress experienced by nursing students during simulation session of critical events, and on the stress experienced during clinical critical events subsequent to the training.

Design: Observational case-control study.

Nitrous oxide for early analgesia in the emergency setting: a randomized, double-blind multicenter prehospital trial.

Objectives: Although 50% nitrous oxide (N(2) O) and oxygen is a widely used treatment, its efficacy had never been evaluated in the prehospital setting. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of premixed N(2) O and oxygen in patients with out-of-hospital moderate traumatic acute pain.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind trial enrolled patients with acute moderate pain (numeric rating scale [NRS] score between 4 and 6 out of 10) caused by trauma.