Giving Up the Guidelines: A Qualitative Evaluation of Disrupted Prescribing of Opioid Substitution Therapy in a Rural UK County During and Following the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic had wide impacts and repercussions for the NHS in the UK beyond the acute medical sector. This qualitative study evaluates the experience of medical (4) and non-medical prescribers (7) plus other staff (2 recovery workers; 2 community pharmacists) involved in opioid substitution therapy (OST) in a southern English county during and following the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote contact and a shift to predominantly weekly OST pick-up were anxiety-producing for clinicians, especially during the first lockdown.

Contemporary epidemiology of hospitalised heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction in England: a retrospective, cohort study of whole-population electronic health records.

Background: Heart failure is common, complex, and often associated with coexisting chronic medical conditions and a high mortality. We aimed to assess the epidemiology of people admitted to hospital with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), including the period covering the COVID-19 pandemic, which was previously not well characterised.

Methods: In this retrospective, cohort study, we used whole-population electronic health records with 57 million individuals in England to identify patients hospitalised with heart failure as the primary diagnosis in any consultant episode of an in-patient admission to a National Health Service (NHS) hospital.

CBP-HSF2 structural and functional interplay in Rubinstein-Taybi neurodevelopmental disorder.

Patients carrying autosomal dominant mutations in the histone/lysine acetyl transferases CBP or EP300 develop a neurodevelopmental disorder: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS). The biological pathways underlying these neurodevelopmental defects remain elusive. Here, we unravel the contribution of a stress-responsive pathway to RSTS.

In situ BCL2 expression is an independent prognostic factor in HIV-associated DLBCL, a LYMPHOVIR cohort study.

The prognostic value of cell of origin (COO) classification and BCL2 expression is not well established in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the recent era. Phenotypic patterns were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of pathological samples from patients with HIV-associated DLBCL prospectively enrolled in the French AIDS and Viral Hepatitis CO16 Lymphovir cohort between 2008 and 2015. Molecular subgroup classification into germinal centre B-cell (GCB) and non-GCB subtypes was determined using the Hans algorithm.

Clinical, virological, and biological parameters associated with outcomes of Ebola virus infection in Macenta, Guinea.

The pathogenesis of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) is poorly characterized. The establishment of well-equipped diagnostic laboratories close to Ebola treatment centers (ETCs) has made it possible to obtain relevant virological and biological data during the course of EVD and to assess their association with the clinical course and different outcomes of the disease. We were responsible for diagnosing EBOV infection in patients admitted to two ETCs in forested areas of Guinea.

Phenotype alterations in regulatory T-cell subsets in primary HIV infection and identification of Tr1-like cells as the main interleukin 10-producing CD4+ T cells.

Background: Conventional regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific immune responses but cannot control immune activation in primary HIV infection. Here, we characterized Treg subsets, using recently defined phenotypic delineation, and analyzed the relative contribution of cell subsets to the production of immunosuppressive cytokines in primary HIV infection.

Methods: In a longitudinal prospective study, ex vivo phenotyping of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with primary HIV infection was performed at baseline and month 6 of follow-up to characterize Treg subsets, immune activation, and cytokine production in isolated CD4(+) T cells.

[Bronchiolitis viruses].

In Normandy (France), human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) was detected in 64.1% of acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children, rhinovirus in 26.8%, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 7.

[Seasonal flu].

Seasonal flu is caused by influenza viruses A and B. These enveloped viruses have a genome made up of seven or eight RNA fragments. The different subtypes are determined by the nature of the two surface glycoproteins HA and NA.

Determination of successive complexation constants in an ionic liquid: complexation of UO(2)(2+) with NO(3)(-) in C(4)-mimTf(2)N studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

The complexation of UO(2)(2+) with NO(3)(-) has been investigated in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide by UV-vis spectroscopy at T = 18.5 degrees C. The complexation is evidenced through the appearance of four peaks at 425, 438, 453, and 467 nm.

Development of duplex real-time PCR for detection of two DNA respiratory viruses.

A method was developed for the detection and quantitation of HAdV (human adenovirus) and HBoV (human bocavirus) based on a duplex real-time PCR, the AB PCR, using a Smartcycler instrument. A control real-time PCR was carried out on albumin DNA to standardise the non-homogenous respiratory samples. No cross-reactivity was observed with viruses or bacteria that could be found in the respiratory tract.

Study of influenza C virus infection in France.

From November 2004 to April 2007, specimens were obtained from 2,281 patients with acute respiratory tract illness in Normandy, France. Eighteen strains of influenza C virus were detected in these samples using a combined tissue culture/RT-PCR diagnostic method. Most patients with influenza C virus infection (13/18) were infants or young children (<2 years of age).

Multicentric evaluation of a new commercial cytomegalovirus real-time PCR quantitation assay.

Automated real-time PCR systems have become the most common method in the quantitation of viral load during cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immuno-compromised patients. In order to evaluate a new commercially available CMV real-time PCR assay (CMV R-gene, Argene, France), a pp65 antigenemia assay and four different "in-house" real-time PCR assays were compared to the CMV R-gene for the detection and the quantitation of CMV load in 506 specimens of whole blood from transplant patients in four French hospital laboratories. The CMV R-gene was more sensitive than the pp65 antigenemia: there were 18% antigenemia-negative versus CMV R-gene-positive samples.

[Current techniques used for the diagnosis of respiratory virus infectious in intensive care units].

Hundred viruses can be isolated in patients suffering from respiratory virus infections and hospitalised in intensive care unit (ICU): influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus… Nasal or tracheobronchial specimens, which contain many epithelial cells will be used to isolate these common viruses. In immunocompromised patients a bronchoalveolar lavage has to be added to these specimens in order to detect cytomegalovirus and some adenovirus. The immunofluorescence or immunoenzymatic assays, which detect viral antigens in the infected cells are the easiest and fastest diagnostic methods, theoretically.

Inter- and intra-variant genetic heterogeneity of human coronavirus OC43 strains in France.

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) causes acute, self-limited respiratory infections. A close relationship between bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) and HCoV-OC43 has recently been demonstrated. This study includes seven clinical, non-cell culture-adapted, contemporary HCoV-OC43 strains detected in France in 2003.

Direct diagnosis of human respiratory coronaviruses 229E and OC43 by the polymerase chain reaction.

An RT-PCR-hybridization was developed that amplified genetic material from the M protein gene of HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43. The analytic sensitivity of these original primers were compared with primers defined in the N gene and described previously. The results show that 0.

[Viral identification, and during asthma exacerbation: comparative epidemiology between infants and children].

Molecular processes can have a different impact on epidemiological data. The study covers 118 nasal aspirate samples taken on children hospitalized for acute asthma exacerbation for 2 years. Conventional techniques associated viral culture and immunofluorescence while molecular techniques used polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

[Epidemiology of respiratory virus infections].

Respiratory viral infections are very common in young children. They sometimes occur as primary infections (and sometimes re-infections) by influenza and parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (VRS), adenovirus, rhinovirus and coronavirus. The clinical pictures are very varied and without strict clinico-virological correlation.