Novel high-risk acute myeloid leukemia subgroup with ERG amplification and Biallelic loss of TP53.

ETS-related gene (ERG) amplification, observed in 4-6% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is associated with unfavorable prognosis. To determine coincident effects of additional genomic abnormalities in AML with ERG amplification (ERGamp), we examined 11 ERGamp cases of 205 newly diagnosed AML using chromosomal microarray analysis and next generation sequencing. ERGamp cases demonstrated a distinct pattern of high genetic complexity: loss of 5q, chromothripsis and TP53 loss of function variants.

Smokeless Tobacco Use and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Males in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Waves 1-4.

The purpose of this period prevalence study is to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in current/former established smokeless tobacco (SLT) users (ever SLT users who have used the product fairly regularly) to those who were: 1) never established cigarette smokers and SLT users, and 2) current/former established exclusive cigarette smokers (have smoked at least a 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime) only, adjusting for known risk factors for CVD. Analyses included 4,703 men ≥ 40 years of age who participated in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Waves: 1-4, conducted between 2013 and 2017. Current users were those using SLT products daily or on some days, whereas former users had not used SLT and/or cigarettes in the past 12 months.

Untargeted Large Volume Hyperthermia Reduces Tumor Drug Uptake From Thermosensitive Liposomes.

Goal: The impact of hyperthermia (HT) method on tumor drug uptake with thermosensitive liposomes (TSL) is not well understood.

Methods: We created realistic three-dimensional (3-D) computer models that simulate TSL-encapsulated doxorubicin (TSL-DOX) delivery in mouse tumors with three HT methods (thermistor probe (T), laser (L) and water bath (WB), at 15 min and 60 min HT duration), with corroborating studies.

Results: Average computer model-predicted tumor drug concentrations (g/g) were 8.

Associations between cancer diagnosis and patients' responses to an inpatient tobacco treatment intervention.

Background: Diagnosis of a chronic illness, such as cancer may influence health behavior changes, such as smoking cessation. The present analyses examine associations between a cancer diagnosis (i.e.

Preinvasive Colorectal Lesions of African Americans Display an Immunosuppressive Signature Compared to Caucasian Americans.

Background: African Americans (AAs) have higher colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rate than Caucasian Americans (CAs). Recent studies suggest that immune responses within CRCs contribute to the disparities. If racially distinct immune signatures are present in the early phases of carcinogenesis, they could be used to develop interventions to prevent or slow disease.

Which tobacco control policies do smokers support? Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

As governments consider policy action to reduce smoking, a key factor in creating political will is the level of public support, particularly among smokers who are most affected by the policies. The goal of this paper is to assess and compare the level of support in Canada, the United States, England, and Australia for five smoking control policies: 1) banning menthol in cigarettes, 2) banning cigarette additives, 3) reducing nicotine in cigarettes to make them less addictive, 4) raising the minimum age to purchase cigarettes to 21 years and older, and 5) requiring pictorial warning labels on cigarette packs (examined in the US only). Data for these analyses come from 8165 daily cigarette smokers who responded to the 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Interest in Quitting e-Cigarettes Among Adult e-Cigarette Users With and Without Cigarette Smoking History.

This survey study compares the level of interest in quitting e-cigarettes among adults who have a cigarette smoking history vs those who do not.

Cole Relaxation Frequency as a Prognostic Parameter for Breast Cancer.

We previously reported successful classification of breast cancer versus benign tissue using the Cole relaxation frequency measured on tissue excised during breast surgery as part of a study at two urban hospitals in the U.S. Midwest.

Financial toxicity and strain among men receiving prostate cancer care in an equal access healthcare system.

Purpose: To examine financial toxicity and strain among men in an equal access healthcare system based on social determinants and clinical characteristics.

Methods: Observational study among men receiving prostate cancer care (n = 49) at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facility. Financial hardship included overall financial strain and financial toxicity due to healthcare costs.

Evaluating the efficacy of enzalutamide and the development of resistance in a preclinical mouse model of type-I endometrial carcinoma.

Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling is a critical driver of hormone-dependent prostate cancer and has also been proposed to have biological activity in female hormone-dependent cancers, including type I endometrial carcinoma (EMC). In this study, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of a third-generation AR antagonist, enzalutamide, in a genetic mouse model of EMC, Sprr2f-Cre;Pten. In this model, ablation of Pten in the uterine epithelium leads to localized and distant malignant disease as observed in human EMC.

Intention to Quit Vaping Among United States Adolescents.

This study estimates interest in quitting and past e-cigarette quit attempts among US adolescents who vape.

State Tobacco Excise Taxation, Comprehensive Smoke-free Air Laws, and Tobacco Control Appropriations as Predictors of Smoking Cessation Success in the United States.

The purpose of the present study was (1) to examine demographic differences between smokers who successfully quit (n = 1809), who relapsed (n = 6548), and who did not attempt to quit (n = 11 102) within the last year, and (2) to examine state-level tobacco policies/programs as predictors of quit success. Data were utilized from the 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, which were paired with 2014 data on taxation, appropriations, and smoke-free air laws. As compared with smokers who relapsed, those who successfully quit were more likely to be white, married, more highly educated, of higher income, and heavier smokers.

What Is Accounting for the Rapid Decline in Cigarette Sales in Japan?

This study describes how trends in the sale of cigarettes in Japan between 2011 and 2019 correspond to the sales of heated tobacco products (HTPs) that were introduced into the Japanese market in late 2015. Data used for this study come from the Tobacco Institute of Japan and Philip Morris International. The findings show that the accelerated decline in cigarette only sales in Japan since 2016 corresponds to the introduction and growth in the sales of HTPs.

Social and clinical determinants of physical activity in prostate cancer survivors.

Purpose: Physical activity is important for enhancing quality of life and cancer control among prostate cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to characterize adherence to physical activity guidelines among African American and white prostate cancer survivors based on social and clinical determinants and psychosocial factors.

Methods: Observational study of meeting guidelines for moderate intensity physical activity in a retrospective cohort of African American and white prostate cancer survivors (n = 89).

Assessing an intervention to increase knowledge related to cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer. While the HPV vaccine significantly reduces the risk of HPV infection and subsequent cervical cancer diagnosis, underuse is linked to lack of knowledge of its effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cancer educational intervention (titled "MOVENUP") to improve knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV vaccine among predominantly African American communities in South Carolina.

How are adolescents getting their vaping products? Findings from the international tobacco control (ITC) youth tobacco and vaping survey.

Objective: To examine the sources of vaping products reported by adolescents, and the characteristics of adolescents who reported purchasing a vaping product in the past year in the United States (US), Canada (CA), and England (EN).

Methods: Data were from the 2017 ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey, a web-based survey of 12,128 respondents aged 16-19 years recruited from commercial panels in the US, CA, and EN. Respondents who have vaped in the past 12 months were asked whether they had purchased a vaping product, and from where (vape shop, online, retail), as well as whether anyone refused to sell them a vaping product because of their age.

Rules about smoking and vaping in the home: findings from the 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Aims: To examine rules about smoking and vaping in the home in relation to beliefs about the relative harm of second-hand vapor (SHV) compared with second-hand smoke (SHS) in four countries: Canada, United States, England and Australia.

Design: Data were available from 12 294 adults (18+) who participated in the 2016 (wave 1) International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV1) Survey.

Participants: All participants were current or recent former adult smokers.

Where Do Vapers Buy Their Vaping Supplies? Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) 4 Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

This study examines where vapers purchase their vaping refills in countries having different regulations over such devices, Canada (CA), the United States (US), England (EN), and Australia (AU). Data were available from 1899 current adult daily and weekly vapers who participated in the 2016 (Wave 1) International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping. The outcome was purchase location of vaping supplies (online, vape shop, other).

The impact of vaping and regulatory environment on cigarette demand: behavioral economic perspective across four countries.

Background And Aims: Government regulations of nicotine vaping products (NVP) have evolved rapidly during the past decade. The impact of NVP regulatory environment and vaping on cigarette demand is unknown. The current study aims to investigate whether or not respondents' reported cigarette demand, as measured by a hypothetical cigarette purchase task, varies with (1) smoking status, (2) vaping status or (3) NVP regulatory environment (country used as proxy).

Methods of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey, wave 1 (2016).

Aim: To describe the methods of the 2016 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) Survey, conducted in 2016 in Australia (AU), Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US).

Methods: The respondents were cigarette smokers, former smokers (quit within the previous 2 years), and at-least-weekly vapers, aged 18 years and older. Eligible cohort members from the ITC Four Country Survey (4C) were retained.

Effect of an Evidence-based Inpatient Tobacco Dependence Treatment Service on 1-Year Postdischarge Health Care Costs.

Background: In 2014, the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) implemented a Tobacco Dependence Treatment Service (TDTS) consistent with the Joint Commission (JC) standards recommending that hospitals screen patients for smoking, provide cessation support, and follow-up contact for relapse prevention within 1 month of discharge. We previously demonstrated that patients exposed to the MUSC TDTS were approximately half as likely to be smoking one month after discharge and 23% less likely to have a 30-day hospital readmission. This paper examines whether exposure to the TDTS influenced downstream health care charges 12 months after patients were discharged from the hospital.

Effect of an Evidence-based Inpatient Tobacco Dependence Treatment Service on 30-, 90-, and 180-Day Hospital Readmission Rates.

Introduction: Smoking is a risk factor for hospitalization and interferes with patient care due to its effects on pulmonary function, wound healing, and interference with treatments and medications. Although benefits of stopping smoking are well-established, few hospitals provide tobacco dependence treatment services (TDTS) due to cost, lack of mandatory tobacco cessation standards and lack of evidence demonstrating clinical and financial benefits to hospitals and insurers for providing services.

Methods: This study explored the effect of an inpatient TDTS on 30-, 90-, and 180-day hospital readmissions.

Tobacco Use Prevalence and Outcomes Among Perinatal Patients Assessed Through an "Opt-out" Cessation and Follow-Up Clinical Program.

Purpose Cigarette smoking in the perinatal period is associated with costly morbidity and mortality for mother and infant, yet many women continue to smoke throughout their pregnancy and following delivery. This report describes tobacco use prevalence among perinatal smokers identified through an "opt-out" inpatient smoking cessation clinical service. Description Adult women admitted to the peripartum, delivery, and postpartum units at a large academic hospital were screened for tobacco use.

Feasibility of Implementing a Hospital-Based "Opt-Out" Tobacco-Cessation Service.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and outcomes of implementing a hospital-based "opt-out" tobacco-cessation service.

Methods: In 2014, the Medical University of South Carolina adopted a policy that all hospitalized patients who self-report using tobacco be referred to tobacco-cessation service. This is a descriptive study of a real-world effort to implement guidelines for a hospital-based cessation service consistent with Joint Commission's standards.