Utilization of Brain Tissue Oxygenation Monitoring and Association with Mortality Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the utilization patterns of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO) monitoring following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and determine associations with mortality, health care use, and pulmonary toxicity.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients from United States trauma centers participating in the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Databank between 2008 and 2016. We examined patients with severe TBI (defined by admission Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8) over the age of 18 years who survived more than 24 h from admission and required intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring.

Surfactants influence polymer nanoparticle fate within the brain.

Drug delivery to the brain is limited by poor penetration of pharmaceutical agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), within the brain parenchyma, and into specific cells of interest. Nanotechnology can overcome these barriers, but its ability to do so is dependent on nanoparticle physicochemical properties including surface chemistry. Surface chemistry can be determined by a number of factors, including by the presence of stabilizing surfactant molecules introduced during the formulation process.