Effect of early bosentan administration on the development of esophageal varices in cirrhotic rats: experimental study in Wistar rats.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of chronic bosentan administration on the development of esophageal varices in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis in rats.

Methods: For the development of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices, 60 rats underwent ligation of the left adrenal vein, followed by phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride administration. Two weeks after the beginning of carbon tetrachloride administration, rats were separated into two groups.

Retroperitoneal, mediastinal, and subcutaneous emphysema, complicating colonoscopy and rectal polypectomy.

Complications of flexible endoscopy-though still rare-are increasing in frequency lately as more invasive procedures are routinely performed. Perforation, hemorrhage, coagulation disorders, thrombophlebitis, and splenic rupture have all been reported to complicate colonoscopy and colorectal polypectomies. In this paper, we report on a case of retroperitoneal, mediastinal, and neck surgical emphysema, complicating colonoscopy and rectal polypectomy, presented initially as a change in the voice and facial swelling.

Gangrenous cystitis.

Gangrenous cystitis is an extremely rare condition. During the last 70 years, only 30 cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of gangrenous cystitis in a 70-year-old woman presented with symptoms of acute abdomen.