Characterization of ConE, the VirB4 Homolog of the Integrative and Conjugative Element ICE of Bacillus subtilis.

Conjugation is a major form of horizontal gene transfer, contributing to bacterial evolution and the acquisition of new traits. During conjugation, a donor cell transfers DNA to a recipient through a specialized DNA translocation channel classified as a type IV secretion system (T4SS). Here, we focused on the T4SS of ICE, an integrative and conjugative element in Bacillus subtilis.