Efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin versus placebo and the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus placebo in young people with type 2 diabetes (DINAMO): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, phase 3 trial.

Background: The incidence of type 2 diabetes in young people is increasing, but treatments remain limited. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of an empagliflozin dosing regimen versus placebo and linagliptin versus placebo on glycaemic control in young people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 108 centres in 15 countries, participants with type 2 diabetes (aged 10-17 years; HbA 6·5-10·5% [48-91 mmol/mol]) who had been previously treated with metformin or insulin were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to oral empagliflozin 10 mg, oral linagliptin 5 mg, or placebo.

Youth with type 2 diabetes have a high rate of treatment failure after discontinuation of insulin: A Pediatric Diabetes Consortium study.

Insulin is commonly used to reverse gluco-toxicity in youth with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), but many are subsequently weaned off insulin. We analyzed Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) data to determine how long glycemic control is maintained after termination of initial insulin treatment. Youth with T2D who had previously been on insulin but were on either an intensive lifestyle intervention alone or metformin alone upon enrollment in the PDC T2D Registry were studied (N = 183).

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Comorbidities in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC).

Background: Type 2 diabetes in the U.S. is more prevalent in youth of minority racial-ethnic background, but disparities in health outcomes have not been examined in this population.

Psychosocial outcomes in young adolescents with type 1 diabetes participating in shared medical appointments.

For youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the early adolescent period is associated with worsening diabetes management and high rates of negative psychosocial issues, including depressive symptoms and family conflict. Alternative clinical models may help improve both diabetes and psychosocial outcomes. Our study aims to investigate whether Team Clinic, a shared medical appointment model developed specifically for adolescents with T1D, will improve psychosocial outcomes for middle school-aged youth.

Receipt of recommended complications and comorbidities screening in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes: Associations with metabolic status and satisfaction with care.

Objectives: This study sought to: (a) assess the prevalence of diabetes complications and comorbidities screening as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for youth and young adults (YYAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D), (b) examine the association of previously measured metabolic status related to diabetes complications with receipt of recommended clinical screening, and (c) examine the association of satisfaction with diabetes care with receipt of recommended clinical screening.

Methods: The study included 2172 SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth participants with T1D (>10 years old, diabetes duration >5 years). Mean participant age was 17.

Home Telemedicine (CoYoT1 Clinic): A Novel Approach to Improve Psychosocial Outcomes in Young Adults With Diabetes.

Purpose: To assess the impact of a home telemedicine clinic model (CoYoT1 Clinic) on psychosocial and behavioral outcomes designed for young adults (YAs) with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: YAs self-selected to participate in the CoYoT1 Clinic or serve as a usual care control. CoYoT1 Clinic visits consisted of an individual appointment with a provider and a group appointment with other YAs with T1D using home telemedicine.

Healthcare and associated costs related to type 2 diabetes in youth and adolescence: the TODAY clinical trial experience.

The economic issues related to medical treatments in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are rarely reported and thus not fully understood. The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth clinical trial of youth recently diagnosed with T2D collected healthcare and related cost information from the largest cohort studied to date. Costs related to medical treatments and expenses faced by caregivers were identified over a 2-year period from 496 participants.

Novel, culturally sensitive, shared medical appointment model for Hispanic pediatric type 1 diabetes patients.

Background/objective: Latino patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face cultural and language barriers leading to poor outcomes. Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are recognized as effective models of care. Our aim is to develop a culturally sensitive, cost effective SMA program for Latino T1D.

Eligibility for clinical trials is limited for youth with type 2 diabetes: Insights from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Clinic Registry.

Background/objective: Restrictive eligibility criteria have hampered enrollment into trials for new drugs for youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We utilized Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T2D Registry enrollment data to estimate the percentage of patients who would be excluded from current T2D trials based on out-of-range HbA1c levels. We also examined whether well-controlled patients could be included because baseline HbA1c would rise during a 6 to 12-month study if assigned to control group.

Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of insulin degludec/insulin aspart in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A randomized trial.

Background: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a fixed soluble co-formulation of basal and bolus insulin.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of IDegAsp in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Subjects: Children and adolescents (aged 1 to <18 years) with T1D.

Adolescent type 2 diabetes: Comparing the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium and Germany/Austria/Luxemburg Pediatric Diabetes Prospective registries.

Objective: To examine and compare the clinical characteristics and treatment of youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in two registries: one in Europe and one in the United States.

Methods: Youth with onset of T2D at 10 to 18 years of age with current age <20 years and an office visit after diabetes duration >1 year were identified in the European (Prospective Diabetes Follow-up, DPV) and the United States (Pediatric Diabetes Consortium, PDC) databases. Demographic, physical and clinical characteristics and treatment at diagnosis as well as physical characteristics, treatment, laboratory data, and diabetes adverse events at most recent visit were analyzed from both registries.

CoYoT1 Clinic: Home Telemedicine Increases Young Adult Engagement in Diabetes Care.

Background: Young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience poor glycemic control, disengagement in care, and are often lost to the medical system well into their adult years. Diabetes providers need a new approach to working with the population. The goal of this study was to determine whether an innovative shared telemedicine appointment care model (CoYoT1 Clinic [pronounced as "coyote"; Colorado Young Adults with T1D]) for young adults with T1D improves care engagement, satisfaction, and adherence to American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines regarding appointment frequency.

Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Have Poor Prognostic Factors.

Objective: To compare races/ethnicities for characteristics, at type 1 diabetes diagnosis and during the first 3 years postdiagnosis, known to influence long-term health outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed 927 Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) participants <19 years old (631 non-Hispanic white [NHW], 216 Hispanic, and 80 African American [AA]) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and followed for a median of 3.0 years (interquartile range 2.

Initial Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents Predicts Durability of Successful Treatment with Metformin Monotherapy: Insights from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Registry.

Background/aims: Many adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have rapid deterioration of glycemic control on metformin monotherapy within 2 years of diagnosis.

Methods: Enrollment data from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Registry were used to categorize 276 youth with a T2D duration ≥2 years into two groups: (1) participants with HbA1c <7.5% on metformin monotherapy (group 1, n = 75) and (2) participants treated with insulin ± metformin (group 2, n = 201).

Predictors of Loss to Follow-Up among Children with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background/aims: Youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have poor compliance with medical care. This study aimed to determine which demographic and clinical factors differ between youth with T2D who receive care in a pediatric diabetes center versus youth lost to follow-up for >18 months.

Methods: Data were analyzed from 496 subjects in the Pe-diatric Diabetes Consortium registry.

Clinical outcomes in youth beyond the first year of type 1 diabetes: Results of the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) type 1 diabetes new onset (NeOn) study.

Objective: Current data are limited on the course of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents through the first few years of diabetes. The Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T1D new onset (NeOn) Study was undertaken to prospectively assess natural history and clinical outcomes in children treated at 7 US diabetes centers from the time of diagnosis. This paper describes clinical outcomes in the T1D NeOn cohort during the first 3 years postdiagnosis.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: The TODAY Study Experience.

Objective: We evaluated pregnancy outcomes, maternal and fetal/neonatal, during the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.

Research Design And Methods: The TODAY study was a randomized controlled trial comparing three treatment options for youth with type 2 diabetes. Informed consent included the requirement for contraception, including abstinence; this was reinforced at each visit.

Reduced Bone Mineral Density Is Associated with Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD), glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and celiac autoimmunity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and in an appropriate control population.

Study Design: BMD was assessed cross-sectionally in 252 children with T1D (123 positive for anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody [tTGA] and 129 matched children who were negative for tTGA). In addition, BMD was assessed in 141 children without diabetes who carried T1D-associated HLD-DR, DQ genotypes (71 positive for tTGA and 70 negative).

Depressive Symptoms in Youth With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: Results of the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium Screening Assessment of Depression in Diabetes Study.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of depressive symptoms and the diagnosis and management of depression in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T1D and T2D registries.

Research Design And Methods: The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) 2 Self-Report (Short) version was completed by 261 T1D and 339 T2D youth aged 10-17 years.

Results: Symptoms of depression were identified in 13% of T1D and 22% of T2D (P = 0.

Presentation of youth with type 2 diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth is recognized as a pediatric disease, but few reports describe the characteristics during diagnosis. We describe the clinical presentation of 503 youth with T2D.

Methods: The Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T2D Clinic Registry enrolled T2D participants from eight pediatric diabetes centers in the USA.

C-peptide levels in pediatric type 2 diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Clinic Registry.

Objective: To describe C-peptide levels in a large cohort of children with type 2 diabetes T2D and examine associations with demographic and clinical factors.

Methods: The Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T2D Registry has collected clinical and biologic data from youth with T2D cared for at eight US Pediatric Diabetes Centers. In this study, we assessed C-peptide levels in 331 youth with T2D (mean age, 16.