The Use of Hospital Services by Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in the Last Year of Life: Identifying the Areas to Improve Care.

Introduction: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is associated with significant morbidity. However, patients' specific health needs have not been well defined. This study analyses the utilisation of hospital resources by MIBC patients in the 12 months before death, informing healthcare modelling and enabling service redesign to improve their quality of life.

Bladder bowel dysfunction in children with Down's syndrome.

Introduction: Bladder Bowel Dysfunction (BBD) has been described in patients with Down's Syndrome (DS). Our aim was to report the incidence, demographics, presentation, complications and management of the bladder in DS patients with BBD.

Methods: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines and search terms "{[(trisomy 21) OR down's syndrome]} AND [("non-neurogenic") OR voiding dysfunction]" in the search engines MEDLINE and SCOPUS.

A varicocoele mimicking a hydrocoele in a man with portal hypertension: a case report.

Introduction: Hydrocoele is a condition frequently encountered in adult urological practice. It is usually of benign aetiology and often diagnosed on clinical grounds. Surgical repair, if indicated, is generally straightforward.

Mutations in the AXIN1 gene in advanced prostate cancer.

Background: The Wnt signalling pathway directs aspects of embryogenesis and is thought to contribute to maintenance of certain stem cell populations. Disruption of the pathway has been observed in many different tumour types. In bowel, stomach, and endometrial cancer, this is usually due to mutation of genes encoding Wnt pathway components APC or beta-catenin.