Systemic racism and racial inequities in periodontal health: The long journey from upstream determinants to downstream treatment.

Racial disparities in the prevalence of periodontal disease are consistent and persistent. The epidemiology of periodontal disease demonstrates racial inequities: non-Hispanic Black (14.7%), Mexican American (13.

Changes in dental and medical visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. children aged 1-17 years.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously impacted the U.S. healthcare system, but no study has examined the impact of the pandemic on utilization of dental care among U.

Association of tooth loss with morbidity and mortality by diabetes status in older adults: a systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review assesses the association of tooth loss (TL), as the exposure, with morbidity and mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) status, as the outcome, in older adults.

Background: Individuals with DM have higher prevalence of severe TL and increased risk of developing morbidities and mortality. No systematic review has evaluated the association between TL with morbidity and mortality by DM status.

Validation of a self-report questionnaire for periodontitis in a Japanese population.

We aimed to assess the validity of the self-report questionnaire for periodontitis in a Japanese population. A Japanese 9-item self-report questionnaire, developed by translating English-version questions that were used to detect periodontitis, was validated against full-mouth clinically-assessed periodontitis in 949 Japanese adults (average age = 43.2 years).

The status of climate studies in the United States and Canadian dental schools: Deans' perspectives.

Objectives: Institutions with a positive cultural climate make community members from all backgrounds valued and included, and treated equitably. Such an environment is optimally suited to prepare future dentists well for leading a diverse team of staff members and addressing the oral health care needs of increasingly more diverse patient populations. The objectives were to assess how many United States and Canadian dental schools had participated in a climate study at their parent institution and/or had conducted their own climate study, which topics these studies had addressed, how they collected their data, from whom they collected data, and how the findings affected these academic units.

High depressive symptom prevalence in dental students associated with lifestyle and well-being characteristics.

Purpose: Studies show health professional students have a high prevalence of depression. Dental students are especially susceptible due to the burden of the highest debt, exposure to bloodborne pathogens and chronic pain frequency. However, few studies on depression among U.

Effect of chronic kidney disease on progression of clinical attachment loss in older adults: A 4-year cohort study.

Background: People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have an increased risk of periodontal disease, but longitudinal evidence is sparse.

Methods: This 4-year cohort study assessed the association between CKD and changes in periodontal health status, defined by attachment loss (AL) progression, among older adults. Participants were 388 community-dwelling Japanese adults who were 70 years old at baseline with 7053 teeth.

Periodontal disease and pneumonia mortality in haemodialysis patients: A 7-year cohort study.

Aim: To evaluate the association between periodontal disease and pneumonia mortality in haemodialysis patients.

Materials And Methods: This prospective cohort study included 211 patients (mean age, 64.4 years) undergoing haemodialysis at a single medical centre.

A systematic review of silver diamine fluoride: Effectiveness and application in older adults.

Objective: This systematic review examines the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in the management of caries in older adults.

Background: Silver diamine fluoride has been extensively researched and proven effective for caries prevention and arrest in children. Limited studies support its effectiveness in adult and older adult populations.

Association of diabetes with tooth loss in Hispanic/Latino adults: findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Objectives: To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and missing teeth in Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse heritage groups who reside in the USA.

Research Design And Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multicenter, population-based study of 18-74 years old who underwent a physical and oral examination (n=15 945). Glycemic status was categorized as diabetes, impaired, or normal, based on medication use, and American Diabetes Association criteria for fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Oral health status in relation to cognitive function among older Japanese.

Epidemiologic data examining the relationship between oral health status and cognitive status are sparse, especially in Asian populations. This study aimed to assess whether periodontal disease and tooth loss were related to cognitive impairment among older Japanese. Study participants were 291 Japanese (101 men and 190 women, average age: 80.

Update on Prevalence of Periodontitis in Adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012.

Background: This report describes prevalence, severity, and extent of periodontitis in the US adult population using combined data from the 2009 to 2010 and 2011 to 2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: Estimates were derived for dentate adults, aged ≥30 years, from the US civilian non-institutionalized population. Periodontitis was defined by combinations of clinical attachment loss (AL) and periodontal probing depth (PD) from six sites per tooth on all teeth, except third molars, using standard surveillance case definitions.

Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in dental offices.

Objectives: Most Americans see dentists at least once a year. Chair-side screening and referral may improve diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes. In this study, we developed a multivariate model to screen for dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes defined as HbA1c ≥5.

Oral health status: relationship to nutrient and food intake among 80-year-old Japanese adults.

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship of oral health status defined on the basis of presence of posterior occluding pairs (POPs) and adequacy of removable denture fit as determined by self-report to nutrient and food intake among older Japanese.

Methods: The subjects were 353 Japanese aged 80 years in 2008 and were classified into four groups according to the number of POPs, defined as pairs of occluding natural, restored, or fixed prosthetic postcanine teeth (range: 0-8) and removable denture status. The groups were: (i) good dentition (n = 56; 8 POPs and no removable prosthesis), (ii) well-fitting dentures (n = 158; <8 POPs with self-reported good-fitting dentures), (iii) ill-fitting dentures (n = 70; <8 POPs with self-reported ill-fitting dentures), and (iv) compromised dentition (n = 69; <8 POPs and no removable prosthesis).

Cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate and periodontitis.

Background And Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that decreased kidney function characterised by low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may be associated with periodontitis. Recent studies have suggested that the use of cystatin C strengthens the association between the eGFR and the risks of adverse outcomes in decreased kidney function. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association of cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcys) and creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcreat), the commonly used method to assess kidney function, with periodontitis in 502 Japanese women (average age, 68.

Educating dental students about diet-related behavior change: does experiential learning work?

The objective of this study was to explore whether an experiential exercise in a nutrition class would a) increase dental students' motivation to change their own diet-related behavior, b) improve their understanding of theoretical concepts related to behavior change, and c) improve their attitudes towards educating their patients about diet-related behavior. Data were collected from 218 senior dental students in one dental school (2010: 106; 2011: 112) during their nutrition class. The students agreed at the beginning that it was important to change their own diet-related behavior.

Oral health literacy: awareness and practices among pediatric dentists.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pediatric dentists' awareness and experiences with oral health literacy and to identify communication techniques used with parents.

Methods: Active North American members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry were invited to participate in the survey. Descriptive statistical analyses were completed, and Pearson's chi-square crosstabs tests were used to compare categorical data between groups.

Effect of periodontal disease on diabetes: systematic review of epidemiologic observational evidence.

Background: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are common, chronic diseases worldwide. Epidemiologic and biologic evidence suggest periodontal disease may affect diabetes.

Objective: To systematically review non-experimental, epidemiologic evidence for effects of periodontal disease on diabetes control, complications and incidence.

Effect of periodontal disease on diabetes: systematic review of epidemiologic observational evidence.

Background: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are common, chronic diseases worldwide. Epidemiologic and biologic evidence suggest periodontal disease may affect diabetes.

Objective: To systematically review non-experimental, epidemiologic evidence for effects of periodontal disease on diabetes control, complications and incidence.

Association between low bone mineral density and clinical attachment loss in Japanese postmenopausal females.

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results as to whether low bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with severe clinical attachment loss (AL). The effect of dental restoration on AL was not considered in most studies. In addition, studies of this association in Japanese individuals are limited.

Dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: a 2-year follow-up study.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal relationship between the intake of dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.

Design: A retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of 2 years (2003-2005). Intakes of dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, α-carotene and β-carotene) were assessed with a validated FFQ.

Periodontitis and diabetes associations with measures of atherosclerosis and CHD.

Objective: Diabetes has been linked with more severe periodontal disease and with coronary heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to determine if periodontal infection was a significant modifier in the risk that diabetes poses for increased carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickness (IMT) and more advanced atheroma lesions as reflected in atherosclerotic plaque calcification measured by acoustic shadowing.

Methods And Results: Comparisons for analyses of cardiovascular outcomes were performed based upon periodontitis and diabetes status.