Accommodative Exercises to Lower Intraocular Pressure.

Purpose: This study investigated how a conscious change in ocular accommodation affects intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular biometrics in healthy adult volunteers of different ages.

Methods: Thirty-five healthy volunteers without ocular disease or past ocular surgery, and with refractive error between -3.50 and +2.

TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 proteins in corneas with and without stromal fibrosis: Delayed regeneration of apical epithelial growth factor barrier and the epithelial basement membrane in corneas with stromal fibrosis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and TGFβ2 in rabbit corneas that healed with and without stromal fibrosis, and to further study defective perlecan incorporation in the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) in corneas with scarring fibrosis. A total of 120 female rabbits had no surgery, -4.5D PRK, or -9D PRK.

Outflow Facility Effects of 3 Schlemm's Canal Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery Devices.

Purpose: To study the effect of 3 Schlemm's canal (SC) microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices on outflow facility.

Design: Paired comparisons, randomized design, baseline-controlled study.

Participants: Thirty-six pairs of dissected anterior segments from donated human eye bank eyes without glaucoma were studied.

Demographic and Socioeconomic Differences in Outpatient Ophthalmology Utilization in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose was to assess differences in outpatient ophthalmologic usage based on patient characteristics such as race/ethnicity, income, insurance type, geographical region, and educational attainment.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) is a nationally representative data set for the noninstitutionalized population cosponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research.

Positive Reinforcing Mechanisms between GPR120 and PPARγ Modulate Insulin Sensitivity.

G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) and PPARγ agonists each have insulin sensitizing effects. But whether these two pathways functionally interact and can be leveraged together to markedly improve insulin resistance has not been explored. Here, we show that treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (Rosi) plus the GPR120 agonist Compound A leads to additive effects to improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, but at lower doses of Rosi, thus avoiding its known side effects.

First-in-human evaluation of [C]PS13, a novel PET radioligand, to quantify cyclooxygenase-1 in the brain.

Purpose: This study assessed whether the newly developed PET radioligand [C]PS13, which has shown excellent in vivo selectivity in previous animal studies, could be used to quantify constitutive levels of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in healthy human brain.

Methods: Brain test-retest scans with concurrent arterial blood samples were obtained in 10 healthy individuals. The one- and unconstrained two-tissue compartment models, as well as the Logan graphical analysis were compared, and test-retest reliability and time-stability of total distribution volume (V) were assessed.

PET measurement of cyclooxygenase-2 using a novel radioligand: upregulation in primate neuroinflammation and first-in-human study.

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is rapidly upregulated by inflammation, is a key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of several inflammatory prostanoids. Successful positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand imaging of COX-2 in vivo could be a potentially powerful tool for assessing inflammatory response in the brain and periphery. To date, however, the development of PET radioligands for COX-2 has had limited success.

[--C]-(4-(4-(3-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1-indole-2-carboxamide ([C]BAK4-51) Is an Efflux Transporter Substrate and Ineffective for PET Imaging of Brain D₃ Receptors in Rodents and Monkey.

Selective high-affinity antagonists for the dopamine D₃ receptor (D₃R) are sought for treating substance use disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) with an effective D₃R radioligand could be a useful tool for the development of such therapeutics by elucidating pharmacological specificity and target engagement in vivo. Currently, a D₃R-selective radioligand does not exist.

Evaluation of Two Potent and Selective PET Radioligands to Image COX-1 and COX-2 in Rhesus Monkeys.

This study assessed whether the newly developed PET radioligands C-PS13 and C-MC1 could image constitutive levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2, respectively, in rhesus monkeys. After intravenous injection of either radioligand, 24 whole-body PET scans were performed. To measure enzyme-specific uptake, scans of the 2 radioligands were also performed after administration of a nonradioactive drug preferential for either COX-1 or COX-2.

[Carboxyl- C]Labelling of Four High-Affinity cPLA2α Inhibitors and Their Evaluation as Radioligands in Mice by Positron Emission Tomography.

Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) may play a critical role in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. An effective PET radioligand for imaging cPLA2α in living brain might prove useful for biomedical research, especially on neuroinflammation. We selected four high-affinity (IC 2.