Developmental toxicity associated with receptor tyrosine kinase Ret inhibition in reproductive toxicity testing.

Background: Urogenital abnormalities are among the most common of all human birth defects. In developmental toxicity studies with the Syk kinase inhibitor R788, a spectrum of findings, including renal agenesis, were observed. R788 has also been found to inhibit the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret.

Immunotoxicity assessment for the novel Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor R406.

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a novel pharmaceutical target for treatment of allergic, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders. Previous studies have indicated that Syk signaling plays critical roles in regulating the lymphohematopoietic system. These observations prompted us to investigate whether inhibition of Syk would promote immunotoxicity.

Safety Evaluation of Glucose Isomerase Derived from Flavobacterium arborescens and Used in Production of High Fructose Corn Syrup.

Flavobacterium arborescens is a common rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium which, when cultivated in a nutrient medium, is an efficient source of glucose isomerase (GI). GI is then used in the production of high fructose corn syrup. Studies were conducted to assure product safety and establish GRAS status for GI derived from F.