Comparative effectiveness of standard vs. AI-assisted PET/CT reading workflow for pre-treatment lymphoma staging: a multi-institutional reader study evaluation.

Background: Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely used for staging high-grade lymphoma, with the time to evaluate such studies varying depending on the complexity of the case. Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) within the reporting workflow has the potential to improve quality and efficiency. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the influence of an integrated research prototype segmentation tool implemented within diagnostic PET/CT reading software on the speed and quality of reporting with variable levels of experience, and to assess the effect of the AI-assisted workflow on reader confidence and whether this tool influenced reporting behaviour.

Cerebellum and basal ganglia connectivity in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson's disease: an exploratory study.

REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by dream-enacting behaviour with loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep and is a prodromal feature of α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Although cortical-to-subcortical connectivity is well-studied in RBD, cerebellar and subcortical nuclei reciprocal connectivity is less established. Nonetheless, it could be relevant since RBD pathology involves brainstem structures with an ascending gradient.

Electroconvulsive therapy for the acute management of severe agitation in dementia (ECT-AD): A modified study protocol.

Objective: This study began as a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe treatment-refractory agitation in advanced dementia. The aims are to assess agitation reduction using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), evaluate tolerability and safety outcomes, and explore the long-term stability of agitation reduction and global functioning. Due to challenges encountered during implementation, including recruitment obstacles and operational difficulties, the study design was modified to an open-label format and other protocol amendments were implemented.

Practical use of DAT SPECT imaging in diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies: a US perspective of current guidelines and future directions.

Background: Diagnosing Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) remains a challenge in clinical practice. The use of I-ioflupane (DaTscan) SPECT imaging, which detects reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake-a key biomarker in DLB diagnosis-could improve diagnostic accuracy. However, DAT imaging is underutilized despite its potential, contributing to delays and suboptimal patient management.

Hypothalamic involvement in multiple system atrophy: A structural MRI study.

Objective: To investigate hypothalamic atrophy and its clinical correlates in multiple system atrophy (MSA) in-vivo.

Background: MSA is characterized by autonomic dysfunction and parkinsonian/cerebellar manifestations. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic and homeostatic functions and is also involved in memory and learning processes.

Evaluating a radiotherapy deep learning synthetic CT algorithm for PET-MR attenuation correction in the pelvis.

Background: Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET-MR) attenuation correction is challenging because the MR signal does not represent tissue density and conventional MR sequences cannot image bone. A novel zero echo time (ZTE) MR sequence has been previously developed which generates signal from cortical bone with images acquired in 65 s. This has been combined with a deep learning model to generate a synthetic computed tomography (sCT) for MR-only radiotherapy.

Impact of attenuation correction of radiotherapy hardware for positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance in ano-rectal radiotherapy patients.

Background: Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance (PET-MR) scanners could improve ano-rectal radiotherapy planning through improved Gross Tumour Volume (GTV) delineation and enabling dose painting strategies using metabolic measurements. This requires accurate quantitative PET images acquired in the radiotherapy treatment position.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact on GTV delineation and metabolic parameter measurement of using novel Attenuation Correction (AC) maps that included the radiotherapy flat couch, coil bridge and anterior coil to see if they were necessary.

Electromyography in the prognostication of recovery in patients with acute peripheral facial nerve palsy: A systematic review.

Objectives: Needle electromyography (EMG) may be used to characterise the severity of the injury in acute peripheral facial nerve palsy (FNP) to predict recovery and guide management, but its prognostic value and clinical utility remain controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the role of EMG to prognosticate the recovery of facial motor function in patients with acute peripheral FNP.

Design: A comprehensive search strategy was applied in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

The relationship between plasma biomarkers and amyloid PET in dementia with Lewy bodies.

Introduction: Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and has been associated with more rapid disease progression. An effective biomarker that identified the presence of significant brain Aβ in people with DLB may be useful to identify and stratify participants for research studies and to inform prognosis in clinical practice. Plasma biomarkers are emerging as candidates to fulfil this role.

Introduction of a Low-Cost and Automated Four-Dimensional Assessment System of the Face.

Existing automated objective grading systems either fail to consider the face's complex three-dimensional morphology or have poor feasibility and usability. Consumer-based red, green, and blue depth sensors or smartphone integrated three-dimensional hardware can inexpensively collect detailed four-dimensional facial data in real time but are yet to be incorporated into a practical system. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a proof-of-concept automated four-dimensional facial assessment system using a red/green/blue depth sensor (OpenFAS) for use in a standard clinical environment.

Can early phase cardiac [123I]mIBG images be used to diagnose Lewy body disease?

Purpose: Some studies have suggested that cardiac [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine images obtained 15-20 min after tracer administration are as accurate for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) diagnosis as standard images acquired after a delay of 3-4 h; some suggest delayed imaging is preferable. We compare early and delayed heart-to-mediastinum ratios (HMR) in a well-characterised research dataset and make recommendations for clinical practice.

Methods: Images were acquired using a Siemens gamma camera with medium energy collimators.

Health-related quality of life in maxillectomy patients undergoing dentoalveolar rehabilitation.

Objectives: Surgical resection of the maxilla impairs aesthetics, speech, swallowing, and mastication. Maxillary reconstruction is increasingly performed with virtual surgical planning (VSP) to enhance functional dental rehabilitation with a conventional denture or osseointegrated implants. The aim of this study was to determine whether dental status and VSP is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and function in patients who have undergone maxillectomy.

Neuropsychological Impairments and Their Cognitive Architecture in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) with Lewy Bodies and MCI-Alzheimer's Disease.

Objective: The present study aimed to clarify the neuropsychological profile of the emergent diagnostic category of Mild Cognitive Impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) and determine whether domain-specific impairments such as in memory were related to deficits in domain-general cognitive processes (executive function or processing speed).

Method: Patients ( = 83) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls ( = 34) underwent clinical and imaging assessments. Probable MCI-LB ( = 44) and MCI-Alzheimer's disease (AD) ( = 39) were diagnosed following National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) consortium criteria.

Dentoalveolar outcomes in maxillary reconstruction: A retrospective review of 85 maxillectomy reconstructions.

Background: Although microvascular free flaps are often used to reconstruct maxillary defects, dentoalveolar rehabilitation is arguably less common despite its importance to midface function and aesthetics. The aim of this study is to review the contemporary management of maxillary defects in a single quaternary referral institution to identify factors that assist or impede dentoalveolar rehabilitation.

Methods: A retrospective review of maxillary reconstructions performed between February 2017 and December 2020 was performed.

Accuracy of Cardiac Innervation Scintigraphy for Mild Cognitive Impairment With Lewy Bodies.

Objective: To provide evidence that cardiac I-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine sympathetic innervation imaging (MIBG) scintigraphy differentiates probable mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) from mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease (MCI-AD), we scanned patients with MCI and obtained consensus clinical diagnoses of their MCI subtype. We also performed baseline FP-CIT scans to compare the accuracy of MIBG and FP-CIT.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study into the accuracy of cardiac MIBG scintigraphy in the diagnosis of MCI-LB.

Accuracy of dopaminergic imaging as a biomarker for mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies.

Background: Dopaminergic imaging is an established biomarker for dementia with Lewy bodies, but its diagnostic accuracy at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage remains uncertain.

Aims: To provide robust prospective evidence of the diagnostic accuracy of dopaminergic imaging at the MCI stage to either support or refute its inclusion as a biomarker for the diagnosis of MCI with Lewy bodies.

Method: We conducted a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of baseline dopaminergic imaging with [123I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane single-photon emission computerised tomography (123I-FP-CIT SPECT) in 144 patients with MCI.

Three-dimensional scanners for soft-tissue facial assessment in clinical practice.

Introduction: The quantitative assessment of facial appearance and function is critical in the process of restoring normality and thus minimising morbidity in patients with facial deformities. Three-dimensional (3D) scanners have increasingly been applied in clinical settings to circumvent the issues associated with standard approaches, namely, subjectivity. This study aimed to summarise the current literature on the accuracy, reliability, and usability of 3D scanning technologies for soft-tissue facial assessment.

Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment With Lewy Bodies or Alzheimer Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: We explored whether the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stages of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) differ in their cognitive profiles, and longitudinal progression.

Design: A prospective, longitudinal design was utilized with annual follow-up (Max 5 years, Mean 1.9, standard deviation 1.

Diffusion imaging in dementia with Lewy bodies: Associations with amyloid burden, atrophy, vascular factors and clinical features.

Introduction: White matter disruption in dementia has been linked to a variety of factors including vascular disease and cortical pathology. We aimed to examine the relationship between white matter changes on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in DLB and factors including vascular disease, structural atrophy and amyloid burden.

Methods: Participants with DLB (n = 29), Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 20) had clinical and neuropsychological assessments followed by structural and diffusion tensor 3T MRI and F-Florbetapir PET-CT imaging.

Reducing the morbidity of parotidectomy for benign pathology.

Background: Conservative surgical approaches, reconstructive techniques and technology are increasingly used in parotid surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the surgeon-modifiable factors which impact the rates of post-operative complications following parotidectomy for benign pathology.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing parotidectomy for benign pathology by or under the supervision of the senior author between 2006 and 2019 was performed.