Isolated optic nerve oedema as unusual presentation of electric injury.

A 45-year-old man with no significant medical history presented following an electric current injury (380 V). He developed multiple systemic injuries including third degree burns and after 1 week of hospitalisation he reported unilateral visual changes. Examination suggested the presence of optic nerve oedema without evidence of haemorrhage, exudate or vessel abnormality.

Papillary conjunctivitis associated with Kikuchi disease.

Purpose: To describe a case of papillary conjunctivitis associated with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD).

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 35-year-old black man developed bilateral eye redness before developing high fevers and cervical lymphadenopathy.

Comparison of antimetabolite drugs as corticosteroid-sparing therapy for noninfectious ocular inflammation.

Purpose: To compare the relative effectiveness and side effect profiles of antimetabolite drugs in the treatment of noninfectious ocular inflammation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: A total of 257 patients with inflammatory eye disease seen in a single-center, academic practice and treated with an antimetabolite as a first-line immunosuppressive agent from 1984 to 2006.

Smoking as a risk factor for cystoid macular edema complicating intermediate uveitis.

Purpose: To describe risk factors for the presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) among patients presenting with intermediate uveitis.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Settings: Single-center, academic practice.

Loss of visual field among patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence and incidence of loss of visual field among patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) and to describe the effect of therapy on such field loss in these patients.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single-center, academic practice.

Multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis incidence of ocular complications and of loss of visual acuity.

Purpose: To estimate the incidences of ocular complications and vision loss in patients with multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis (MFCPU) and to describe the association between therapy and the incidences thereof.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Sixty-six patients (122 eyes) with MFCPU evaluated from January 1984 through June 2005 at a single-center academic practice.

Role of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis.

Purpose: To report the use of commercially available triamcinolone acetonide as adjunct treatment for acute-onset endophthalmitis after intraocular procedures.

Methods: Charts of 14 patients who received intravitreal triamcinolone in combination with intravitreal antibiotics for treatment of acute endophthalmitis were reviewed. Patients were included if they presented with pain, vision loss, and severe anterior chamber reaction or hypopyon.

Vitreous penetration of topical moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin in humans.

Purpose: To determine the vitreous penetration of the new fourth-generation topical fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin 0.5% and gatifloxacin 0.3%.

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy: ocular complications and visual impairment.

Purpose: To describe the incidence of vision loss and of ocular complications attributable to birdshot retinochoroidopathy and to describe the association between therapy and the incidence thereof.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single-center, academic practice.

Sympathetic ophthalmia after a hyphema due to nonpenetrating trauma.

Purpose: To report a case of sympathetic ophthalmia occurring after nonpenetrating ocular trauma.

Methods: Interventional case report.

Results: An 18-year-old white male presented with sympathetic ophthalmia four weeks after a hyphema from a nonpenetrating bungee cord injury.

Spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the orbit.

Purpose: To report a case of spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma metastatic to the orbit.

Design: Case report.

Methods: A 78-year-old man presented with progressive redness, proptosis, and decreasing vision of the left eye of 3 weeks' duration.

Intraocular concentration and pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide after a single intravitreal injection.

Purpose: To describe the pharmacokinetics occurring after the direct injection of triamcinolone acetonide into the vitreous humor of humans.

Design: Interventional case series.

Participants: Five patients who received a single 4-mg intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

Clinical relevance of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer.

Background: The mammary sentinel lymph node procedure can increase the detection of axillary metastases by 45% compared with standard axillary dissection. Some investigators have reported that reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) increases metastasis detection even more, but it is uncertain whether a positive RT-PCR test in the face of a negative histological evaluation is clinically meaningful.

Methods: RT-PCR for epithelial glycoprotein 2 and cytokeratin 19 was performed on sentinel and pooled nonsentinel axillary lymph nodes from 108 women with clinical stage I or II breast cancer who were followed up for a median of 40 months.

Cause and prognosis of nontraumatic sixth nerve palsies in young adults.

Objective: To review the causes and prognosis of sixth nerve palsies in patients who are 20 to 50 years of age.

Design: Retrospective, noncomparative case series.

Participants: All patients aged 20 to 50 years with a nontraumatic sixth nerve palsy seen in a neuro-ophthalmic practice from 1994 to 2000.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in women with rapidly proliferating node-negative breast cancer.

This prospective clinical trial was designed to assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with rapidly proliferating node-negative breast cancer. This group has been predicted to have a 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 70% without adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, 449 women with rapidly proliferating breast cancer (91% measured by S-phase fraction and 9% by histochemistry) received adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) plus tamoxifen for estrogen receptor-positive or progesterone receptor-positive cancer.

Conservative surgery and radiation therapy for macroscopically multiple ipsilateral invasive breast cancers.

Background: The presence of macroscopically multiple ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (MMIIBC) has been considered a contraindication for breast conservation. Early series reported high rates of local recurrence. A treatment regimen was developed to accommodate patient requests for breast conservation in MMIIBC.

Loss of heterozygosity in benign breast epithelium in relation to breast cancer risk.

The multistage model of breast carcinogenesis suggests that errors in DNA replication and repair generate diversity in the breast epithelium (the mutator phenotype), resulting in selection and expansion of premalignant clones with an acquired survival advantage. We measured loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in breast epithelial cells obtained by random fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy from 30 asymptomatic women whose risk of breast cancer had been defined by the Gail model. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were selected on the basis of their relevance to breast cancer.

Gorham disease of the orbit.

Purpose: To report a case of Gorham disease, also known as vanishing bone disease, of the orbit.

Design: Interventional case report.

Methods: A 43-year-old Caucasian woman developed a depression in her left temple, pulsation in her left upper eyelid and temple, and bulging of the left upper eyelid and headache.

Validating the performance of the mammary sentinel lymph node team.

Background And Objectives: The mammary sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure has the potential to improve the accuracy and lower the morbidity of axillary staging in breast cancer patients, but results are closely linked to experience and can vary widely between institutions. Standardized performance measures need to be established in order to optimize the transition to SLN biopsy only.

Methods: Performance data were prospectively collected for the first 156 mammary SLN procedures performed by three surgeons in our institution.

Limitations of the Gail model in the specialized breast cancer risk assessment clinic.

The Gail model is a risk assessment tool that is accurate for general breast cancer risk screening. Because of the limited way that this model incorporates family history information, however, there are concerns that it may underestimate risk for many women attending specialized breast cancer risk assessment clinics. We collected comprehensive breast cancer risk factor information for 213 women attending a specialized breast cancer risk assessment clinic using a modified version of the CancerGene software.

Anaphylaxis to isosulfan blue.

Background: Isosulfan blue 1% is a dye used in medical procedures such as lymphangiography and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Anaphylactic reactions to this dye have been rarely reported.

Objective: We are reporting two patients who experienced anaphylaxis after subcutaneous administration of isosulfan blue.