Olive leaf-derived PPAR agonist complex induces collagen IV synthesis in human skin models.

Introduction: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are known to modulate the synthesis of dermal lipids and proteins including collagens. Olive (Olea europaea) leaves have been reported to contain PPAR-binding ligands. Collagen IV, a major dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) protein, degrades with both age and disease.

Characterization of bound water in skin hydrators prepared with and without a 3D3P interpenetrating polymer network.

Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been considered the gold standard ingredient for improving skin hydration and combating age-related effects, however it is an inefficient polymer with inconsistent results partially due to its poor skin penetration, surface deposition, and rapid degradation. Herein we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of a newly developed, topical super-humectant with the goal of attracting and binding water molecules more efficiently than traditional, cosmetic-grade forms of HA.

Methods: A modified interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was developed using three polymers into a three-dimensional formation (3D3P) for entrapping HA and water.