Techniques of power system static security assessment and improvement: A literature survey.

The secure operation of a power system depends on the available security evaluation tools and improvement techniques to tackle the disturbances or contingencies. The main objective of the survey presented in this paper is to provide a comprehensive review to the researchers, academicians, and utility engineers on the available techniques of static security assessment and improvement in modern power systems. Various performance indices are used to express the severity of limit violations from security margins typically in transmission line loading and buses voltage magnitude under a given disturbance or contingency.

Under voltage load shedding using hybrid ABC-PSO algorithm for voltage stability enhancement.

Voltage collapse tends to occur due to the voltage instability created during large faults. As a last resort, under-voltage load shedding (UVLS) is performed after all the available power operation and control mechanisms have been exhausted. Load shedding techniques have advanced from the conventional and adaptive methods that are less optimal compared to computational intelligence-based techniques.