Enhanced detection of Giardia duodenalis mixed assemblage infections in pre-weaned dairy calves using next generation sequencing.

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common parasitic causes of gastrointestinal illness in humans worldwide with widespread infections in mammalian hosts. It frequently infects cattle, producing a high number of cysts. Cattle can harbor both host-adapted assemblage E and human pathogenic assemblages A and B.

Mapping the future for research in emergency medicine palliative care: A research roadmap.

Background: The intersection of emergency medicine (EM) and palliative care (PC) has been recognized as an essential area of focus, with evidence suggesting that increased integration improves outcomes. This has resulted in increased research in EM PC. No current framework exists to help guide investigation and innovation.

Growth Estimation of Under-Five Children Using Statistical Models in Central Region of India.

Background And Aims: To determine the suitability of 11 basic statistical models for estimating child-growth of under-five children and to bring-forth estimated growth curves for mean height & mean weight by their selected birth-weight categories for Central Region of India.

Methods: The study used fourth round of National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) data of India, consisting of 75,645 under-five children, belonging to 3 Indian States - Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh. The children of the Region were first divided into 4 sub categories according to their birth-weight: (i) < 2000 gm, (ii) 2000-2499 gm, (iii) 2500-2999 gm (iv) 3000+gm, growth curve for mean height and mean weight were estimated for two sexes.

Shewanella spp. Bloodstream Infections in Queensland, Australia.

The epidemiology of bloodstream infections caused by Shewanella spp. is not well defined. Our objective was to define the incidence and determinants of Shewanella spp.

DNA dyes: toxicity, remediation strategies and alternatives.

Release of untreated effluent from processing or manufacturing industries and other commercial premises into water bodies is a major threat to environment and human health. In this regard, the effluent generated from laboratories and other research facilities is of great concern. Among other harmful chemicals, the effluent is rich in toxic organic dyes, which get exposed to the environment and pose serious health risk.

Fly Cell Atlas: A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the adult fruit fly.

For more than 100 years, the fruit fly has been one of the most studied model organisms. Here, we present a single-cell atlas of the adult fly, Tabula , that includes 580,000 nuclei from 15 individually dissected sexed tissues as well as the entire head and body, annotated to >250 distinct cell types. We provide an in-depth analysis of cell type-related gene signatures and transcription factor markers, as well as sexual dimorphism, across the whole animal.

The surgical anatomy of hearts with isomeric atrial appendages-implications for surgical management.

Objectives: The most severe combinations of cardiac malformations exist in individuals having jumbled-up thoracic and abdominal organs. These patients make up 2 distinct syndromes. As yet, the consensus is lacking on how best to describe the subsets.

A review of the therapeutic management of multiple ventricular septal defects.

Background And Aim: We showed in our anatomical review, ventricular septal defects existing as multiple entities can be considered in terms of three major subsets. We address here the diagnostic challenges, associated anomalies, the role and techniques of surgical instead of interventional closure, and the outcomes, including reinterventions, for each subset.

Methods: We reviewed 80 published investigations, noting radiographic findings, and the results of clinical imaging elucidating the location, number, size of septal defects, associated anomalies, and the effect of severe pulmonary hypertension.

A reassessment of the anatomical features of multiple ventricular septal defects.

Background: Over the course of time, new developments associated with the embryogenesis of the murine heart have served to clarify the developmental processes observed in the human heart. This evidence allows for the creation of a developmental framework for many congenital cardiac defects.

Aims: We aim to solidify the framework related to the categorization of both solitary and multiple ventricular septal defects.

Crystallization Behavior and Crystallographic Properties of dl-Arabinose and dl-Xylose Diastereomer Sugars.

Natural sugar molecules such as xylose and arabinose exhibit sweetness profiles similar to sucrose, which makes them a valuable alternative in low-calorie foods as well as excipients or cocrystallization agents in pharmaceutical formulations. Xylose and arabinose are also chiral diastereomers that can exhibit specific crystallization behavior. In this work, the solid-state landscapes of the chiral pairs of both xylose and arabinose have been investigated to determine whether racemic compounds or conglomerates are formed.

Mental Health Indices of Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Room Frontliners during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic in India.

Background: The contagious coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant psychological impact on healthcare workers. Intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency room (ER) providers have functioned in an environment of fear for their health as well as their family well-being.

Aim And Objective: The aim and objective of the article was to study mental health disorders (anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep quality) in frontliners and to identify factors affecting mental health indices.

Pasteurella species bloodstream infections in Queensland, Australia, 2000-2019.

Pasteurella species are infrequent but potentially severe causes of bloodstream infection (BSI). The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of Pasteurella species BSI in a large Australian population. Retrospective, laboratory-based surveillance was conducted in Queensland, Australia (population ≈ 5 million) during 2000-2019, and clinical and outcome information was established by linkage to state hospital admissions and vital statistics databases.

A reappraisal of the sinus venosus defect.

Objectives: The phenotypic features and morphogenesis of the 'sinus venosus defect' remain controversial. The phenotypic features are anomalous systemic connections of 1 or more pulmonary veins that retain their left atrial connection, usually associated with a biatrial connection of the superior caval vein. Cases with these features, however, have not always been described as sinus venosus defects.

Tracheo Esophageal Prosthesis Insertion Under Endoscopic Guidance and Local Anaesthesia- Feasibility and Outcome.

Objectives: Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy is by tracheo esophageal puncture (TEP) and prosthesis insertion. Secondary TEP is very difficult due to neck fibrosis. Puncture under local anaesthesia with endoscopy guidance is a feasible option.

Assessment of Stress, Resilience, and Coping Style among Medical Students and Effectiveness of Intervention Programs on Stress Level in South India: A Non-randomized Control Trial.

Background: Uncontrolled stress can be made at ease through resilient emotions and higher coping skills. The study aimed at assessing the level of stress, resilience, and coping among medical students and to study the effect of stress intervention programs on the stress level.

Materials And Methods: This was a nonrandomized control trial among 526 medical students which used medical student stress questionnaire, and perceive stress scale (PSS), resilience assessment using a 25-item resilience scale, and coping using a modified Pareekh scale.

Single-Cell Analysis Reveals the Immune Characteristics of Myeloid Cells and Memory T Cells in Recovered COVID-19 Patients With Different Severities.

Despite many studies on the immune characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the progression stage, a detailed understanding of pertinent immune cells in recovered patients is lacking. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on samples from recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. We created a comprehensive immune landscape with more than 260,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 41 samples by integrating our dataset with previously reported datasets, which included samples collected between 27 and 47 days after symptom onset.

Excitable Axonal Domains Adapt to Sensory Deprivation in the Olfactory System.

The axon initial segment (AIS), nodes of Ranvier, and the oligodendrocyte-derived myelin sheath have significant influence on the firing patterns of neurons and the faithful, coordinated transmission of action potentials (APs) to downstream brain regions. In the olfactory bulb (OB), olfactory discrimination tasks lead to adaptive changes in cell firing patterns, and the output signals must reliably travel large distances to other brain regions along highly myelinated tracts. Whether myelinated axons adapt to facilitate olfactory sensory processing is unknown.

Implementation of clinical audit to improve adherence to guideline-recommended therapy in acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Despite global consensus on the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), implementation of strategies to improve adherence of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) remains sub-optimal, especially in developing countries. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of clinical pharmacist-led clinical audit to improve the compliance of discharge prescriptions in patients admitted with ACS. It is a prospective clinical audit of ACS patients which was carried out for 12 months.

β-Tubulin Isotype, TUBB4B, Regulates The Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells.

Recent advancements in cancer research have shown that cancer stem cell (CSC) niche is a crucial factor modulating tumor progression and treatment outcomes. It sustains CSCs by orchestrated regulation of several cytokines, growth factors, and signaling pathways. Although the features defining adult stem cell niches are well-explored, the CSC niche is poorly characterized.

Acute Inhalant-Induced Atrial Fibrillation With Severe Hypocalcemia: A Case Report and Review of the Pathophysiology.

The recreational use of inhalants is associated with various detrimental health effects ranging from inebriation to cardiac arrest. It also presents a challenging clinical problem as the diagnosis is made by the presentation and patient's history, which is often difficult to obtain in an intoxicated or obtunded individual. The incidence of inhalant use is relatively high.

Right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula.

In this report, we describe a 25-year-old patient in whom a fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium was accurately diagnosed. The successful surgical management of this patient is described. Current diagnostic methods, evaluation, and treatment options for this uncommon cause of cyanosis in an adult patient are discussed.