Application and influence of four drain configurations on fluid dispersal and retrieval in a cadaveric canine wound infusion-retrieval system model.

Objective: To describe fluid dispersal and retrieval patterns in an infusion-retrieval system across various configurations and locations in a cadaveric canine model.

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Animals: Four large breed canines.

2022 AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines (2024 Update).

Vaccination is a cornerstone of canine preventive healthcare and one of the most cost-effective ways of maintaining a dog's health, longevity, and quality of life. Canine vaccination also serves a public health function by forming a barrier against several zoonotic diseases affecting dogs and humans. Canine vaccines are broadly categorized as containing core and noncore immunizing antigens, with administration recommendations based on assessment of individual patient risk factors.

Longer preoperative fluid resuscitation decreased anesthetic fluid interventions in 297 dogs undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction.

Objective: The objectives were to (1) compare the impact of preoperative fluid resuscitation on anesthetic parameters and interventions and (2) assess the impact of preoperative resuscitation duration on the integrity of intestinal tissue and postoperative complications in dogs with gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction.

Methods: Medical records from 1 academic hospital were reviewed for 297 client-owned dogs that underwent gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction surgery between May 2017 and August 2022. Data collected included the following: signalment, preoperative fluid resuscitation, surgical findings, anesthetic parameters and interventions, postoperative complications, and timing of the first meal.

Electroencephalographic and Cardiovascular Assessments of Isoflurane-Anesthetized Dogs.

This study investigated the use of frontal electroencephalography (EEG) to monitor varying levels of isoflurane anesthesia in dogs. The patient state index (PSI), burst suppression ratio (SR), and waveforms, were continuously recorded while mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), heart rate, responses to electric stimuli, and subjective anesthetic "depth" were assessed every 3 min. At deep anesthesia (2.

A Reference Interval for CT-Based Liver Volume in Dogs without Hepatic Disease.

In both human and veterinary medicine, computed tomography (CT) volumetry provides a quantitative and accurate measure of liver volume. While CT volumetry is recognized as a useful method for assessing liver volume in dogs, a statistically significant reference interval for liver volume in dogs with no history of hepatic disease has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to define a reference interval for liver volume with no history of hepatic disease using CT volumetry.

Computed Tomographic Hepatic Volumetry in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Shunts.

CTHV is a non-invasive and accurate method for assessing liver volume in dogs. CTHV has not been studied in each type of extrahepatic PSS in dogs. This study aimed to use CTHV to compare liver volumes in dogs with different types of PSSs that had been confirmed by computed tomography angiography.

Survival in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology with and without lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: The prognosis of individual dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE) remains difficult to predict. MUE cases with no lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) occur, but it is unknown whether this finding is associated with prognosis.

Hypothesis: MUE cases without detectable lesions on MRI have a better outcome than cases with detectable lesions.

Body Weight as a Preferred Method for Normalizing the Computed Tomography-Derived Liver Volume in Dogs without Hepatic Disease.

The assessment of liver size is usually performed using radiography in dogs. However, due to wide variations in patients' sizes and body conformations, accurate diagnosis of hepatomegaly or microhepatia is difficult. Computed tomographic (CT) volumetry can quantitatively and accurately measure liver volume.

Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Dogs: Impact on Electroencephalography, Behavior, Analgesia, and Antagonism with Atipamezole.

This study aimed to assess the impact of dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) on key parameters in dogs. Six dogs received a 60 µg/kg/h dexmedetomidine infusion over 10 min, followed by three 15 min decremental CRIs (3, 2, and 1 µg/kg/h). A subsequent reversal phase employed 600 µg/kg/h atipamezole over 5 min.

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is affected by incorporation into carriers for sustained release.

Objective: To establish the lowest effective dose of commercially available nanoparticulate silver (AgNP) for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), in vitro, and to establish the effect of incorporating AgNP into carriers for sustained release on this antibacterial activity.

Samples: Silver nanoparticle dispersion (0.02 mg/mL) composed of citrate-stabilized, spherical, 10 nm diameter nanoparticles in aqueous buffer.

Ketamine-Propofol Coadministration for Induction and Infusion Maintenance in Anesthetized Dogs: Effects on Electroencephalography and Antinociception.

The effects of concurrent ketamine and propofol (ketofol) constant rate infusion (CRI) were examined in six dogs. The K:P ratio was 1:2, with an initial CRI of 0.25/0.

A retrospective study of vector borne disease prevalence among anemic dogs in North Carolina.

Background: Anemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Further understanding of the prevalence of vector borne diseases (VBD) in anemic dogs is needed.

Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the rate of exposure to or infection with VBD among anemic dogs presented to a teaching hospital in North Carolina and to further characterize the anemia in dogs with VBD exposure.

Accuracy of Crit-Line® monitors in predicting hematocrit and change in blood volume of dogs during hemodialysis.

Background: Ultrafiltration (UF) is an extracorporeal technique for treating fluid overload and is monitored with noninvasive blood volume monitors.

Hypothesis/objectives: The primary objective was to determine the accuracy of Crit-Line® III and IV noninvasive blood volume monitors to estimate canine packed cell volume (PCV) and changes in blood volume during UF. A secondary aim was to determine accuracy of targeted ultrafiltration rates (UFR) compared to calculated delivered UFR.

Updated ACVIM consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs.

Since publication of the last consensus statement on leptospirosis in dogs, there has been revision of leptospiral taxonomy and advancements in typing methods, widespread use of new diagnostic tests and vaccines, and improved understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Leptospirosis continues to be prevalent in dogs, including in small breed dogs from urban areas, puppies as young as 11 weeks of age, geriatric dogs, dogs in rural areas, and dogs that have been inadequately vaccinated for leptospirosis (including dogs vaccinated with 2-serovar Leptospira vaccines in some regions). In 2021, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Board of Regents voted to approve the topic for a revised Consensus Statement.

DNA-directed termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.

RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription involves initiation from a promoter, transcriptional elongation through the gene, and termination in the terminator region. In bacteria, terminators often contain specific DNA elements provoking polymerase dissociation, but RNAPII transcription termination is thought to be driven entirely by protein co-factors. We used biochemical reconstitution, single-molecule studies, and genome-wide analysis in yeast to study RNAPII termination.

Biomechanical evaluation of three adjunctive methods of orthopedic tension band-wire fixation to augment simulated patella tendon repairs in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of three adjunctive methods of tension band wire fixation (TBWF) on the biomechanical properties, gap formation, and failure mode in simulated canine patella tendon rupture (RPT).

Study Design: Randomized, ex vivo.

Sample Population: Paired hindlimbs from 32 dog cadavers.

Racing performance of Thoroughbred racehorses with suspensory ligament branch desmitis treated with mesenchymal stem cells (2010-2019).

Background: Suspensory ligament branch desmitis (SLBD) is a common injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. Orthobiologic treatment of these injuries is a relatively new approach, and there is limited information available on post injury racing performance in racehorses treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Objectives: To assess racing performance post injury in Thoroughbred racehorses with SLBD treated with MSCs.

Temporal tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy resolution is affected by initial severity and poorly correlated to serologic antibody testing in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis.

Objective: To determine associations between antibody serologic tests and tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy (TBL) in dogs with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis and identify variables associated with time to resolution of TBL.

Animals: 32 client owned dogs with newly diagnosed pulmonary coccidioidomycosis from October 2020 to February 2021.

Methods: Prospective cohort study.

Breed, smaller weight, and multiple injections are associated with increased adverse event reports within three days following canine vaccine administration.

Objective: To evaluate patient and vaccine factors associated with adverse events (AEs) recorded within 3 days of vaccine administration in a large cohort of dogs.

Animals: 4,654,187 dogs vaccinated in 16,087,455 office visits in a 5-year period at 1,119 hospitals of a corporate practice.

Methods: Electronic medical records of dogs vaccinated between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020, were searched for diagnoses of possible AEs recorded within 3 days of administration of vaccines without concurrent injectable heartworm preventative.

Younger dogs of specific breeds are more likely to experience a rare adverse event after administration of extended-release injectable moxidectin heartworm preventive.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of and identify patient risk factors for an acute adverse event in dogs after administration of a sustained-release injectable heartworm preventive product.

Animals: Canine patients that received the injectable heartworm preventive product during routine preventive care visits.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of canine visits within a large network of primary care veterinary clinics in which the product was administered from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2020.

Postoperative injectable opioid use and incidence of surgical site complications after use of liposomal bupivacaine in canine gastrointestinal foreign body surgery.

Objective: To compare postoperative analgesic use and postoperative complications between dogs that received liposomal bupivacaine (LB) during surgical gastrointestinal foreign body (GIFB) removal and those that did not.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Two hundred five dogs.

Influence of three different closure techniques on leakage pressures and leakage location following partial cystectomies in normal dogs.

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common neoplasia affecting the canine urinary bladder. Partial cystectomy, when used adjuctively with medical management, has been shown to meaningfully extend medial survival time. Surgical stapling devices have a wide variety of uses and advantages over traditional closure methods and, to date, investigation into their use in canine partial cystectomies has not been documented.

Pilot Study: The Effects of Slice Parameters and the Interobserver Measurement Variability in Computed Tomographic Hepatic Volumetry in Dogs without Hepatic Disease.

Manual computed tomographic (CT) hepatic volumetry is a non-invasive method for assessing liver volume. However, it is time-consuming with large numbers of slices. Reducing the slice number would expedite the process, but the effect of fewer slices on the accuracy of volumetric measurements in dogs has not been investigated.